Sunday, 4 November 2012

Donald Lamont: his Life and Work

Thousands of pages of undiscovered Gaelic prose – unread for many years, but now brought to light by the National Library of Scotland. The volumes in question are the Gaelic Supplement to the Church of Scotland magazine Life and Work, and they come from the collection of the Rev. Donald Lamont (1874–1958), who edited the Supplement between 1907 and his retiral in 1950. As Lamont states in the handwritten introduction to the first volume, any unsigned contribution was composed by himself.
 
Donald Lamont was a native of the island of Tiree. Like many able young Highlanders at the time, he was educated at Rainings School, Inverness, before going to the University of Edinburgh. Ordained minister in Glen Urquhart in 1902, he transferred to Blair Atholl in 1908, the parish where he remained, with the exception of a spell as a forces chaplain in World War I (he served at Gallipoli in 1915–16), until he retired from the pulpit in 1946. The Prose Writings of Donald Lamont, full of pithy, lively writings by a master of the Gaelic essay, was published as a volume for the Scottish Gaelic Text Society in 1960. His fellow Tirisdeach Professor Donald Meek sums up Lamont’s work as follows:
 
Under Lamont’s ceaselessly provocative pen, the Gaelic Supplement became the main vehicle for thematic and stylistic experimentation in Gaelic; it carried sermons, essays and short stories. Lamont had a particularly lively imagination, and was not afraid to create ‘factional’ characters and scenarios, and to use these to carry the message he wanted to communicate. He was obviously aware, to a remarkable degree, of the opportunity he had, as a clerical writer, to contribute constructively to the well-being of the Gaelic language. His concept of a Gaelic Supplement was not one that ran in the rails of ecclesiastical convention, restricted by doctrinal rigidity and enslavement to purely homiletic styles.

Here is a list of the Gaelic Supplements online:
 
 
Donald Lamont graduated M.A. from Edinburgh in 1898. Among his fellow classmates was none other than Alexander Carmichael’s daughter Ella (1870–1928). A small notebook, numbered CW22, is, according to the cataloguer the Rev. John Mackechnie, in Lamont’s hand. It contains a poem to Ella, about whom Donald Lamont was to write so movingly in Carmina Gadelica iii, xxi–xxiv, beginning:
 
Ella Carmichael was my friend for more than thirty years, my first sight of her being in the Quadrangle of Edinburgh University, when she came to attend Professor Mackinnon's Celtic class, and my last when I went to see her a few days before her death ; and in all these years she was one of the half-dozen friends that I liked best in the world. She was one of those people with whom it is easy to keep one's friendship in good repair, even though one does not see them often. There were fairly long periods of time within these thirty years when I had but few opportunities of meeting her, but that did not matter — the door of her heart and home always remained unlatched, and one could enter without formality or apology and take up the threads of intimate talk where they had been dropped years before.
 
She seemed to me to have changed less between young womanhood and middle life than any other woman I have known, so that one's first impression of her never had to be revised even in small details. This applies even to her physical appearance, as well as to her mind and character. In the middle 'nineties Ella Carmichael was a very beautiful young woman, singularly gracious and dignified, with an air of distinction and charm. …
 
For our Gaelic readers, we give a transcription of the poem’s contents below
 
To
Ella C. Carmichael
this poem
is
respectfully dedicated.
 
/
 
Och! och! ’s truagh mar tha mi
’S mi smuainteachadh ort
’S mo cheann ann an tuaindeal
’S mo chridhe cho goirt.
 
O na faighinn mo dhurachd
’S mi shiubhladh air falbh
’S cha bhithinn na ’b’fhaide
Ri obair cho searbh.
 
’S ged tha mi n’am shuidhe
Ann an cuideachd cho math
Far bheil iorghuill is cabhag
Am meag fhear agus bhan
 
/
 
Tha duin’ ionnsuichte seolta
A comhpairteachadh sgoil
Ach ’s mor m’fheagal gu bheil ‘Seoras’
Le mor fhoghlum air bhoil’
 
Ged tha mise ’s an ait’ so
Ann an cruth ’s ann an dòigh
Tha mo smuaintean ’is m’aire
A ghnàth air an oigh
 
Tha i maisach ’is sgiamhach
Agus cùinn [ciùin] anns gach dòigh
Ion-ghradhach ’is coimhneil
Neo-dhàn’ agus còir
 
/
 
B’e mo dhurachd bhith dluth dhi
Ri comhradh ’s ri ceòl
’S cha ’n iarrainn a fàgail
Fhad sa bhitheas mi beo
 
Ach tha n’uine dol seachad
Le cabhag ro-dhian
’S ann a seachduin no dha
Cha’n fhaic mis’ a fiamh
 
Se ni tha g’am fhagail
Cho bronach ’s cho truagh
Bhi caithibh na h-ùine
Cho fada so uait
 
/
 
O nach bochd nu[a]ir tha ’n samhradh
A nis a tighinn cho dlùth
’S an geamhradh dubh dorcha
A tionndadh a chùl
 
Gu feum mis’ mar an ceudna
Bhi fagail Dhunèdin
’S dol air imrich leam fhein as
Gu tìr a tha céin
 
Cha’n e bhith fagail Dhunèdin
Le mhaise ’s le sgèimh
A tha cho cràiteach ’s cho duilich
O ’s fhada ma ’s e
 
/
 
Ach tha ’n tìm gu bhith seachad
’Is feumaidh mi sgur
Bho’n tha fhios agad fhein air
Mo thinneas gu túr
 
Gach sonas ’is solas
Gu robh gu brath na do sheilbh
’S gu ma fada fada beo thu
Ann a slaint’ agus foirm
 
Leig leam so a ràdh ruit
Gu càirdeil ’s gu fior
Gu bheil agamsa gràdh dhuit
A tha domhain agus sior
 
/
 
Slàn-leat ma tha ’n drasda
’S gun deanadh gràdh agus seirc
Thusa leantainn a’n comhnuidh
‘Gach la chi ’s nach fhaic’
 
Feumaidh gur e Seòras MacEanruig no George Henderson (1866–1912) a th’ ann an ‘Seòras’. Thoiribh an aire mar a bha an Laomainneach ag obair mar Examiner ann an Cànanan agus Litreachas Ceilteach ann an Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann eadar 1903 agus 1906.
 
Sources:
Donald Meek, ‘The Gaelic literature of Argyll’, Association for Scottish Literary Studies
Donald Lamont about Alexander Carmichael, here and here.
 
Image:
Eaglais Sgìre Bhlàr Athall/Blair Atholl Parish Church

Tuesday, 30 October 2012

Applecross: The Sanctuary

 Last week I was over in Applecross visiting the Heritage Centre and learning about the area from the curator Gordon Cameron and especially about the great work being done by the Historical Society. The peninsula is breathtakingly beautiful and that is why I thought it deserved our first pictorial blog entry...
The world-famous Bealach na Ba

The view from the top, looking over Loch Kishorn
 
A majestic stag
 
Ob nan Lurach  CW117/36
    
Gordon Cameron at the Applecross Heritage Centre
          
St Maelrubha's chapel

The burial place of Maelrubha

The supposed burial spot of William Hare (of Burke and Hare fame)

Looking over to Raasay and Skye in the distance



Highland cattle on the coastal road north of Applecross


Loch Torridon and Loch Shieldaig




Wednesday, 24 October 2012

It's not a chapel. It's a rock.

Sometimes we get things wrong. The rectangle pictured here, from fo.15 of notebook CW111 and referring to a site in the Isle of Barra, looked like any number of archaeological sketches Alexander Carmichael was compiling at the time. The accompanying words should have given us a clue:

Clach Mhor nan Gleann

4 Mar[ch] [18]74. Wednesday ev[en]ing.
Averag[e] height 22 ft – or thereby.
Projects at north end 8 ft fr[om] ground. [CW111/63]

The drawing is surely none other than a sketch of Clach Mhór nan Gleann (or Clach Mhór nan Gleannan) itself, a monstrous glacial erratic with a nice big overhang, five hundred yards up the north-east slopes of Beinn Eireabhal, just above the road at the south end of the Tràigh Mhór.

How did the Big Rock of the Glens come to be there in the first place? Carmichael explains it all in another notebook:

Clach mhor nan Glean[n]an was thrown by a L[och]lan[n]ach [Viking] fr[om] Fuidey on his at his sweetheart who was aft[er] a buidein sheep. The stone struck her & drove her into the ground. Boulder stuck in the earth. Large. He didn’t wish to kill her but just threw this as a spitheag [pebble] at her. [CW90/105]

This piece of information was recorded on 24 September 1872 at a céilidh in Ceann Tangabhal, Barra, with two of Carmichael’s favourite informants there, John Pearson (1814–85), Iain Peusan, and his sister Catrìona (c. 1807–80). As described in an earlier blog, in island tradition the island of Fuideigh is particularly connected with the Vikings, and is supposed to have been their last redoubt from the MacNeils. We don’t know yet what a ‘buidein sheep’ might be – any ideas from Barraich gratefully received!

At another céilidh a couple of nights later Carmichael records another rather gnomic reference:

The mark fr[om] which stone [del: at] Clach mhor nan Gleannan. [CW90/150]

The remains of the Vikings killed by the MacNeils in Fuideigh ‘are turned up now & again’ [CW90/107], including:

One skull as large as a pot of 2 gal[lons] bones as large in pro[portion]. At first you would think it was a human skull. This was found in Fuidey. Others ordinary size. [CW90/154]

Today Clach Mhór nan Gleannan has not been forgotten: we see that it’s been noted as a good site for Barra bouldering! We recommend comparing Carmichael's rough sketch with the excellent pictures in Adi Gill's flickr stream. Did Carmichael himself climb it to make his measurements for the field notebook sketch?

As for the chapel site we originally thought Carmichael was describing in his sketch, Caibeal Chrois É – well, we’ll leave that for another blog.

References:
CW90/105, /154; CW111/63

Monday, 15 October 2012

A busy week...

The team had an extremely busy week last week with Domhnall Uilleam in London, Kirsty in London and Guinevere in Dublin and Galway. This blog entry is a roundup of everyone's activities:

On Friday Domhnall Uilleam spent a very enjoyable day (as ever!) at the National Archives in Kew getting his fingers thoroughly filthy looking at old leather-bound War Office records. The mission: to see if there was any evidence in the army deserter lists concerning John MacPherson or Pearson (1814–85), Ceann Tangabhal, Barra. Known in island tradition as Iain Peusan, MacPherson and his sister Catrìona were two of Carmichael’s favourite informants. Local history relates that in his youth he had joined the army and had to be ‘sprung’ from the regimental barracks by his cunning sister. The authorities followed MacPherson back to Barra where, helped by a tracker dog, they gave chase. Just giving them the slip, MacPherson holed up in a cave on the slopes of Beinn Tangabhal for six weeks. The authorities supposedly gave up the pursuit on hearing from Catrìona that her brother had drowned while running away. One version has it that, just to make sure, MacPherson converted to Protestantism, thus allowing his friends to say, ‘Chaochail e ’bheatha’: either ‘he changed life’ or ‘he died’.


Unfortunately, no immediately obvious John MacPherson, or John Pearson for that matter, appears in the Highland regiment deserter lists. One of the names is recorded as enlisting with a friend in the 74th Foot at Kilmarnock on 26 December 1829; they both absconded the same day. Another John MacPherson, from the 93rd, deserted in July of that year, but was apprehended at Appleby in Westmorland, probably on his way back north, and was sent back to the regimental depot, then at Stockport. The information on these lists is, it has to be said, incomplete; on the other hand, Iain Peusan could have enlisted under another name (he was purportedly taking another man’s place); or it could just have been a good story.

Domhnall Uilleam then spent the weekend at the Popular Antiquities: Folklore & Archaeology conference at the Institute of Archaeology at University College London. His paper explored Carmichael’s engagement with the hydrographer and antiquarian Captain F. W. L. Thomas, how correspondence with the latter inspired him to begin a programme of archaeological surveying throughout the southern Outer Hebrides, especially of the island brochs which Thomas was investigating at the time. Unfortunately, the sheer size and difficulty of the task, and Carmichael’s lack of surveying skills, meant that in most cases he was unable to go much further than collecting basic information, and associated historical anecdotes and legends, from his informants.

As with the previous Popular Antiquities, the conference was lively, thought-provoking, and extremely enjoyable, with papers spanning the world from the Orkneys and the Borders to Kashmir and China. One highlight was learning that the very common motif in Highland folklore of a dog being sent into a mysterious cave and coming out miles away at the other end without its fur is told in Hampshire of a duck, which at last emerges at the cave exit without its feathers. Anyway, there is a feeling that at last folklorists and archaeologists can come together and acknowledge their shared antiquarian roots! Our thanks to the organisers Martin Locker and Tina Paphitis of UCL, and Caroline Oates of the Folklore Society.

Kirsty was in London for an archives meeting and used the opportunity to go and visit The Fan Museum in Greenwich, the only museum of its kind in the world. Still hot on the heels of information about Flora MacDonald's fan the hope was that the museum or its curator could add a bit more knowledge to what we already know.

The Fan Museum, Greenwich
The museum has a pleasing and informative display on fan making and different types of fans from around the world. It is currently exhibiting a selection of fine, mainly ivory and paper, English fans. In the 18th century, the English became so adept at making exquisite and ornate fans that they were exported to France, which at the time was the home of quality fan-making.

Fortunately, the owner, Mrs Hélène Alexander, was in the museum, so Kirsty was able to show her a picture of the fan and ask some questions. She said that the fan might have been made in England, France or even Poland but its date, which fits in with it as having been given by Lady Primrose to Flora MacDonald, means that there would be no fan-maker's name on it, so we're unlikely to be able to trace it more precisely.

Interestingly, when a fan such as this one has three vignettes, it is quite common for the left and right hand side ones to have no connection to the central one, so the parents and child theory may well be bogus! Mrs Alexander was also of the opinion that the fan was fairly ordinary although clearly it is its association with Flora MacDonald and Lady Primrose which makes it special.

It was slightly disappointing not to be able to get more detail about Flora MacDonald's fan but it was reassuring to have what we do know confirmed.

Guinevere spent a few days over in Dublin and was at the National Archives of Ireland to investigate Duncan Cameron's wife's family. Mary Leonard is noted in the Scottish censuses as being from Westport, County Mayo and her father, Leonard, worked with the Inland Revenue. 

The afternoons were spent in the Irish Folklore Archive at University College Dublin. The archivist, Criostóir Mac Carthaigh, was extremely helpful and mentioned some good references that will be investigated, especially about people collecting objects for the Ard-Mhúsaem. She was researching the lore collected from Tory, an island off the coast of Donegal and had a quick look at some references to the Highlanders after 1798.

The next port-of-call was the National University of Ireland, Galway to attend the Comhdháil Roinn na Gaeilge, a two-day conference on Irish culture and literature organised by the Department of Irish. There was an impressive program in place with some great guest speakers from all over Ireland, and a paper about Seán Ó Suilleabháin and Seamus Ó Duilearga from the Irish Folklore Commission was of particular interest to Guinevere. It was exciting to be involved in the conference, go raibh maith agaibh Lillis agus John.

Phew, what a week!


Monday, 1 October 2012

Objects in Focus: Flint Arrowheads


Flint arrowheads can be dated to the Neolithic and Bronze Ages and were used very commonly throughout Britain and Ireland. The flint was shaped by knapping and pressure-flaking, both processes involve reducing the flint by striking the stone. The knapping would reduce the flint to the desired size and pressure-flaking would achieve the desired shape and refine the projectile point of the flint. A number of the examples in these photos are barbed and tanged making them easier to attach to a shaft.  
As well as their practical use, flint arrowheads were heavily associated with the fairies in Scotland and were called saighead shìth. It was commonly believed that these weapons were thrown at cattle and humans by the fairies in an effort to capture them. Any person or animal that was taken ill suddenly was thought to have been shot at and replaced with a changeling.
The flints were also used as protection against the fairies but, similarly to the St John's Wort Achlasan Chaluim Chille, they could only be found accidentally. Carmichael was informed that the fairies were always eager to get their arrowheads back and provides an account of his own experience in Carmina Gadelica ii:

The people say that a fairy arrow, especially the arrow of the fairy queen, cannot be safeguarded against the wiles of the fairies. The writer can confirm this in his own experience, having unaccountably lost, despite all possible care, the smallest and most beautifull shaped and coloured arrow-head he has ever seen, and that within a few hours after getting it!

As well as being used as protection, the flints were used in cures. Water in which the arrowheads were dipped would be given to a cow to remedy being shot at. Alternatively the water would be used to wash the wound inflicted or the stone itself was rubbed on the area.
 
The Carmichael Collection housed at the West Highland Museum has 18 flint arrowheads of various shapes, sizes and colours. If you happen to be in Fort William do visit the Museum, it's worth it!
   
Images
Copyright Carsten Flieger
References
Campbell, J.G. (2005) The Gaelic Otherworld, Edinburgh: Birlinn Press.
Carmina Gadelica ii, 346-7.

Tuesday, 11 September 2012

Objects in Focus: Flora MacDonald's Fan

In an upstairs room in the West Highland Museum there is a picture frame keeping together a bronze brooch and a pretty, painted fan. In the earliest list we have of Carmichael's collection, the fan is referred to as 'a French fan' and indeed, even to the untrained eye, it has a continental feel to it.

WHM 1992 13 4 - Flora MacDonald's brooch and fan
WHM 1992 13 4 - Flora MacDonald's brooch and fan
The two labels, written in Alexander Carmichael's hand read:

Brooch which belonged to Flora Macdonald.

and

A sandalwood fan which belonged to 
Flora Macdonald. 
Presented to her while she was a prisoner on parole in 
the house of Lady Primrose in London, Nov[embe]r 1746 and 
given to me by her grand niece Mrs Maclellan of 
Ormacleit South Uist 
1868. 
Alexander Carmichael.

Provenance is important in identifying and cataloguing objects, so it is fortunate that Carmichael added this note to what he clearly deemed as precious objects. We know from the notebooks we've transcribed and listed that Carmichael spent time collecting information on the MacDonald family from Mrs Penelope MacLellan, who was also known as 'Bean Ormacleit'. Her father, Donald MacDonald, was a tacksman and the son of Ùisdean Bàn Chillepheadar, a seanachie from Kilpheder in South Uist (ref. Coll-97/CW108/65). But what of Lady Primrose?

Detail of a rich man from Flora MacDonald's fan
Detail of a rich man from Flora MacDonald's fan

Lady Primrose is mentioned throughout Jacobite literature as being a London based Jacobite, who not only gave Flora houseroom when she was on parole but raised money for her. In 1750, when Bonnie Prince Charlie was on his secret visit to London, it was into her house off The Strand, that he walked, under an assumed name, disturbing her game of cards with non-Jacboite nobility. The story goes:

Recognising him at once, she nearly dropped her cards with amazement
'Charles Edward Stuart' by F. McLynn, p. 398

Lady Primrose recovered her surprise and her non-Jacobite companions were, fortunately for her, none the wiser.

Detail of a wealthy woman from Flora MacDonald's fan
Detail of a wealthy woman from Flora MacDonald's fan


Born Anne Drelincourt, Lady Primrose was the widow of Hugh the third Viscount of Primrose, a short-lived Scottish title, which as they had no children became extinct on Hugh's death in 1741. Her parents were Rev. Peter Drelincourt, Dean of Armagh and his wife Mary Maurice, daughter of the Dean of Derry. Peter or Pierre Drelincourt was a Hugenot, one of sixteen children of Charles Drelincourt, a French Reformed church minister. This connection with France indicates that the fan, which Flora MacDonald received was very probably French. We do not know whether this was a personal item, potentially a family piece, or whether it was purchased specially for Flora but it seems indicative of Lady Primrose's admiration for her.

The detail on the fan shows a wealthy couple, opulently dressed, and what is probably their nursemaid tending to their child. Who the couple are meant to be, if indeed they are meant to represent anyone, or their significance has yet to be discovered. A little more research may reveal more about the fan's provenance and then we can turn our attention to the brooch, one of many simple ring bronze brooches which Alexander Carmichael had in his possession.

Detail of a nursemaid and child from Flora MacDonald's fan
Detail of a nursemaid and child from Flora MacDonald's fan


Images:
WHM 1992 13 4 Bronze brooch and fan belonging to Flora MacDonald
All images copyright of Carsten Flieger (www.carstenflieger.com).

References:
Coll-97/CW108/65 Notes on the family of Uistean Ban Cillepheadar 
Coll-97/CW150/77
Frank McLynn, 'Charles Edward Stuart - A Tragedy in many Acts' (London, 1988), p 398
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Jacobite/message/10306
Ruth Whelan, ‘Drelincourt, Peter (1644–1722)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8045, accessed 11 Sept 2012]

Key figures:
MacDonald | Flora | 1722-1790 | Jacobite
MacLellan | Penelope | 1796-1873 | née MacDonald | 'Bean Ormicleit' | South Uist
Primrose | Anne | Dowager Viscountess | c1706-1775 | née Drelincourt | wife of Hugh Primrose 3rd Viscount of Primrose | The Strand | London | England




Thursday, 16 August 2012

Hebridean Waulking Songs: An Index to Campbell and Collinson's 'Hebridean Folksongs'


Tha sinn air a bhith ag obair air na h-òrain luaidh a chruinnich Alasdair, agus mar chuideachadh chuir sinn clàr beag ri chéile ás na trì chlàir eadar-dhealaichte dha na trì leabhraichean Hebridean Folksongs a dheasaich Iain Latharna Caimbeul agus Frangag Collinson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969–81). Tha na leabhraichean rud beag duilich an ùisneachadh as ’aonais. Co-dhiù, seo thugaibh e: tha sinn an dòchas gum bi an clàr feumail – ’s dòcha gun cuir sinn ris fhathast! Tha ainm no ciad loidhne an òrain ’ga leantainn le àireamh an leabhair anns a bheil e, an uair sin àireamh an òrain ann an litrichean Ròmanach, agus mu dheireadh àireamhan nan loidhnichean.

We’ve been working on the waulking songs which Alexander collected, and to help us we compiled a little index out of the three separate indices for the three volumes of Hebridean Folksongs edited by John Lorne Campbell and Francis Collinson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969–81). The books are a bit difficult to use without one. Here it is: we hope it might be of use, and perhaps we might extend it still! The name or first line of the song is followed by the number of the volume in which it is found, then the song number in Roman numerals, and finally the line numbers.

Co-chur de na clàir dha Hebridean Folksongs i–iii
A synthesis of the indices to Hebridean Folksongs, i–iii

A bhean ud thall a nì an gàire: HF3, cii, 468–86

A bhradag dhubh a bhrist na glasan: HF2, lxviiib, 1105–24

Ach a Mhaighread nan cuireid: HF3, cv, 559–668                                               

Ach a Mhurchaidh òig ghaolaich: HF2, xlii, 105–50

Ach, òganaich laghaich: HF3, xciiib, 140–63

A Dhia! ’s gaolach liom an gille:   HF2, lxviiia, 1077–1104

A Dhòmhnaill Dhuinn, ma rinn thu m’eucoir: HF3, cxvia, 1095–1116

Ailein, Ailein, ’s fad’ an cadal: HF1, xxxvi, 1263–94

Ailein Duinn, o hó hi, shiubhlainn leat: HF1, i, 1–46

Alasdair mhic Colla gasda: HF2, lxxi, 1169–85

Am Bròn Binn: HF2, xli, 1–68; 69–104

A Mhic a’ Mhaoir, ’s daor do shùgradh: HF2, lxxv, 1361–92

A Mhic Iain ’ic Sheumais: HF3, civ, 493–558

An Coire Riabhach: HF2, lxxxv, 1590–1604

An robh thu ’sa bheinn?: HF2, lxxix, 1481–4

An Spaidearachd Bharrach: HF2, lxviii, 1077–1124

A phiuthrag ’s a phiuthar: HF2, lxxiia, 1186–1211

Ar leam gura h-i ghrian ’s i ’g éirigh: HF2, lxix, 1125–37



B’ annsa Seathan a’ falbh sléibhe: HF2, xlvi, 227–79

Bean a’ chuailein chuachaich chlannaich: HF2, lxivb, 898–926

Bha mis’ a raoir air an àirigh: HF2, xlviiia, 406–36

Bhean ud thall, gu dé th’air t’aire?: HF1, xvi, 568–96

Bheir soiridh, soiribh bhuam: HF3, cxxxiv, 1677–87



Cailin mise, buachaill’ thusa: HF2, xlviia, 280–315

Cà na dh’fhàg thu m’fhichead gini?: HF3, cxxviii, 1585–1600

Cha déid mi a Chille Moire: HF2, lxi, 797–806

Cha déid mi do dh’fhear gun bhàta: HF3, cxxv, 1483–1532

Cha déid mise, cha déid mi: HF1, xxxiii, 1158–85

Cha déid Mòr a Bharraigh bhrònaich: HF2, lxvii, 994–1072

Cha dìrich mi an t-uchd le fonn: HF1, xxiv, 857–87

Chaidh mi do’n bheinn ghabhail fradhairc: HF1, xxviii, 984–1019

Chaidh mi ’na ghleannain a’s t-foghar: HF2, xlix, 467–87

Chaidh mis’ a dh’Eubhal imprig: HF2, lxii, 807–39

Chaidh mo lothag air chall: HF3, cxxvi, 1533–66

Chaidil mi a raoir air an àirigh: HF2, xlviiib, 437–66

Chailin òig as stiùramaiche (etc.): HF2, xlvii, 280–405

Cha labhair mi’n t-òran: HF1, xxx, 1052–91

Chan e uiseag a dhùisg mise: HF2, lvi, 712–27

Chan eil falt orm air fuireach: HF1, xxxiv, 1186–1217

Chan eil mi gun mhulad orm: HF3, cxxvii, 1567–84

Chan eil mi gun nì air m’aire: HF1, v, 143–96

Chan fhan mi ’m Mòrair nas fhaide: HF2, lvb, 701–11

Chatriana a dh’fhalbhas gu banail: HF2, lxiii, 840–68

Chì mi ghrian ’s i falbh gu siubhlach: HF2, lixa, 757–63

Chuala mi ’n dé sgeul nach b’ait liom: HF2, lxx, 1138–68

Chuir iad mise ’n ceann na cléitheadh: HF2, lxxxiii, 1532–42

Chunnaic mi an t-òg uasal: HF3, cviii, 775–808

Chunnaic mise mo leannan: HF3, cxviii, 1185–1250

Chunnaic Rìgh Bhreatainn ’na shuain: HF2, xlib, 69–104

Ciad soiridh bhuam dhachaigh: HF3, ciii, 487–94

Coisich, a rùin: HF2, lxxiv, 1261–1360

Có nì mire rium?: HF3, cxxix, 1601–12

Có sheinneadh an fhìdeag airgid?: HF3, xxxii, 1732–1831 (cf. Siubhlaidh mi ’s fàgaidh mi ’m fearann)

Craobh an iubhair: HF1, xxxv, 1221–65

Craobhan ó, hoireann o ho: HF2, liii, 614–62

Cumha banntrach Shanndraigh: HF3, cxvi, 1095–1138



Dh’éirich mi gu moch Diluain: HF3, xcix, 326–53

Dh’éirich mi moch madainn àlainn: HF1, xxix, 1020–51

Dh’éirich mi moch madainn Chéitein: HF2, li, 525–92

Dh’éirich mi moch madainn earraich: HF2, lxxvi, 1393–1416

Dh’éirich mi moch madainn ghrianach: HF2, lxxxvb, 1604–29

Dh’éirich mi moch Di-Dòmhnaich: HF1, ix, 323–62

Dh’éirich mi ’s cha robh mi sunndach: HF2, liv, 664–87

Dh’fhalbh mo rùn bho chionn seachdain: HF3, cvii, 707–74

Dh’fhalbh mo rùn ’s dh’fhàg e ’n caladh: HF3, cx, 839–54

Dhìrich mi suas an Coire Riabhach: HF2, lxxxva, 1590–1603

Dhòmhnaill òig mhic Dhòmhnaill mhic Ruairi: HF1, xxi, 747–94

Di-Sathairne ghabh mi mulad: HF1, vii, 223–73



E ho a hó, ’s trom an dìreadh: HF2, lx, 788–96

Éisdibh beag a staigh mas àill leat: HF2, xlviib, 316–34

Eudail a Rìgh! bu mhi brònag: HF2, liiib, 633–62



Fhir a’ chinn duibh: HF2, lxxxvii, 1643–75

Fhir bhuidh’ an deagh nàdair: HF3, cxxiii, 1415–44

Fliuch an oidhche nochd ’s gur fuar i: HF2, lxvb, 949–73



Ged is grianach an latha: HF2, xliv, 175–94

Gu dé nì mi nochd ri m’ nàire?: HF2, lxxviii, 1473–80

Gura h-e mo ghaol an t-Iain: HF2, lxxx, 1485–90

Gura mise tha fo éislein: HF1, xviii, 626–50

Gura mise tha fo ghruaim: HF3, xcix, 326–53

Gura mise tha fo ghruaman: HF1, xiv, 476–531

Gura mise tha fo mhulad air an tulaich luim fhuair: HF1, xxvi, 922–65

Gura mise tha fo mhulad air an tulaich, ’s mór m’éislein: HF3, cxviiid, 1251–76

Gura mise tha fo mhulad, ged nach urrainn dhomh innse: HF3, cxxiv, 1463–82

Gura mise tha fo mhulad, ’n tìr a’ mhurain ’s an t-sìobain: HF3, cxx, 1315–34

Gura mise tha fo mhulad ’s mi air tulaich na buaile: HF1, xii, 409–42

Gura mise tha gu tinn: HF3, xcix, 303–25

Gura mise tha làn airteil: HF1, xiii, 443–75

Gura mis’ tha fo mhulad, air là…: HF3, cxvib, 1117–38

Gura mis’ tha fo mhulad, giùlain culars Rìgh Deòrsa: HF3, cxxii, 1343–90

Gura mis’ tha fo mhulad, ’s mi air uilinn nam frìthbheann: HF3, cxixb, 1293–1314

Gura mis’ tha fo mhulad, tha lionn-dubh air mo lìonadh: HF3, cxixa, 1275–92

Gura muladach mi am bliadhna: HF3, cxv, 1057–86

Gur h-e mo ghille dùbhdhonn: HF3, cxvii, 1139–84



Hó, mo nighean dubh, till, till: HF3, cxii, 899–904

Hug hoireann ó, ’s m’aighear i: HF3, cxxxi, 1618–27

Hùgan nan gù, théid mi dhachaigh: HF2, lva, 688–700



Latha bha mi ’n lic Dhùn Bheagan: HF2, lxxxviiic, 1700–18

Latha bha ’n Ridire ag òl: HF3, lxxxix, 1–23

Latha dhomh ’s mi falbh an fhàsaich: HF2, xlviic, d, 335–405

Latha dhomh ’s mi falbh an fhraoich: HF3, cvi, 669–706

Latha dhomh ’s mi ’m Beinn a’ Cheathaich: HF1, xxxvii, 1295–1330

Latha dhomh ’s mi ’n Caolas Rònaigh: HF2, lxxviia, 1417–31

Lìon mulad, lìon mulad: HF3, xcviii, 279–302



Marbhaisg air a’ mhulad, ’s buan e: HF1, xxii, 795–827

Mhaighread chridhe, nighean an Leòdaich: HF2, lxxviib, 1432–72

Mhic Iarla nam bratach bàna: HF3, cii, 468–88

Mhic ’ic Ailein seasgair sìobhalt’: HF3, cxxxii, 1628–53

Mhurchaidh bhig, a chinn a’ chonais: HF3, ci, 385–467

Mi dualach, mi donn: HF1, xix, 651–76

Mìle marbhaisg air a’ ghaol: HF3, xcii, 101–19

Mo rùn Ailein: HF2, lxxvi, 1393–1416

Mo shùil silteach, mo chridhe trom: HF2, lviii, 734–56

Mulad is lionn-dubh, tha gruaim: HF3, lxxxix, 24–51

Murchadh an Éirinn, ’s mise bhean bhochd: HF2, lxxxib, 1504–18



Nach fhreagair thu, Chairistiana?: HF1, iv, 116–42

Nàile! ’s toil leam an gruagach: HF3, cxxiv, 1145–62

Nighean chruinn donn, dhut is éibhinn: HF1, xxv, 888–921

Nighean donn bheadarrach, ho rò: HF3, cxxx, 1614–17

Nighean dubh, nighean donn: HF2, lxxxviiib, 1686–99

Nighean ud thall, bheil thu ’t’fhaireachadh?: HF1, iii, 84–115

’N robh thu ’sa bheinn?: HF2, lxxix, 1481–4



O, ’s e mo ghaol an Anna: HF2, lxiv, 869–926

O, daonnan, tha mi deònach: HF3, cix, 809–39

O hao, o hao, ’s mi fo mhìngean: HF3, cxv, 1011–93

O, ’s fhada bhuainn Anna: HF3, cxi, 855–8

O, ’s toil leam an nìghneag: HF3, cxxiv, 1445–82

Och nan och, ’s mar thà mi nochd: HF3, cxvii, 1167–84

Òganaich dhuinn a rinn m’fhàgail: HF3, cxxxiii, 1654–76

Òganaich ùir a’ chùil teudaich: HF3, cxiii, 905–86

Òran Luadhaidh le Màiri nighean Alasdair Ruaidh: HF1, xvii, 597–625



Phiuthar chridhe, chomainn chléibh: HF3, cxvi, 230–1



Rinn mi mochairigh gu éirigh: HF1, viii, 274–322



’S a mhic an fhir bho Ghleann Lìobhann: HF3, cxxi, 1335–52

’S anmoch gum facas an raoir: HF3, ci, 405–35

’S ann an raoir nach d’fhuair mi ’n cadal: HF3, cxvii, 1139–66

’S ann Diluain a rinn sinn gluasad: HF3, cxv, 1066–94

’S bochd an nochd na bheil air m’aire: HF1, i, 1–46

Seathan mac Rìgh Éirinn: HF2, xlvi, 227–79

’S e Mac Aoidh an duine treubhach: HF1, xxxv, 1218–62

’S e mo ghaol, mo ghràdh an ainnir: HF2, lxiva, 869–97

’S fhada bhuam a chì mi’n ceò: HF1, xxxviii, 1331–48

’S fhada leam do dhàil, a Dhòmhnaill: HF3, cxv, 1011–36

’S fhad an sealladh bhuam chì mi: HF2, lx, 788–96

’S fliuch an oidhche ’n nochd ’s gur fuar i: HF1, x, 363–78

’S fliuch an oidhche ’n nochd ’s gur fuar i: HF2, lxxivb, 1322–60

’S ’ga innse cha déid mi: HF3, cxxi, 1335–42

Shuidh mi air cnocan an tiùrr: HF3, xc, 52–78

’S i nochd a’ chiadh oidhche ’n fhoghair: HF1, xv, 532–67

Siubhlaidh mi ’s fàgaidh mi ’m fearann: HF1, xxxii, 1128–57

Siuthadaibh, siuthadaibh, a mhnathan: HF1, xvii, 597–625

’S mi dol timcheall na dòirlinn: HF2, xliii, 151–74

’S mi ’m aonar air buail’ a’ lochain: HF2, lixb, 764–87

’S mi ’m aonaran am Beinn a’ Cheòthain: HF1, xxvii, 966–83

’S mi ’nam shuidh’ air an leathad: HF3, xcv, 204–29

’S mi ri dìreadh ’san dùbhghlaic: HF3, xcv, 194–203

’S mise bhean bhochd, chianail, dhuilich: HF2, lxxxia, 1491–1503

’S mise bhean bhochd, chianail, thùrsach: HF1, ii, 47–83

’S mise chunnaic an t-iaonadh: HF1, xl, 1373–1406

’S mise ’s daor a cheannaich: HF1, xx, 677–746

’S mise nach eil fallain: HF3, xcvii, 232–61

’S moch an diugh a rinn mi éirigh: HF1, xxxi, 1092–1127

’S moch an diugh a rinn mi éirigh: HF2, lxva, 927–48

’S muladach mi o chionn seachdain: HF2, lxxiii, 1244–60

’S muladach mi ’s mi air m’aineoil, HF1, xxiii, 828–56; HF3, xxii, 1832–71

’S muladach, ’s muladach thà mi: HF3, cxiv, 987–1010

’S muladach truagh, ’s cianail thà mi: HF2, lxxxii, 1518 –31

Sneachda ’ga chur air na beannan: HF2, liiia, 614–32

’S tìm dhomh bhith falbh, bhith cur umam: HF2, lxxxiva, 1543–56

Stoirm nan gobhar ri taobh na h-abhann: HF2, lvi, 712–27

’S toil liom, ’s toil liom: HF2, lxxxviiia, 1676–85

’S trom an dìreadh: HF2, lx, 788–96

’S truagh nach robh mi air a’ bhàta: HF3, cxi, 855–98



Tàladh Dhòmhnaill Ghuirm: HF2, lxix, 1125–37

Tha mi dubhach, trom, deurach: HF3, cxxxv, 1704–31

Tha mo ghaol air Catriana: HF3, xciv, 164–93

Tha mulad, tha mulad, tha lionn-dubh orm fhéin: HF3, cv, 559–668

Tha mulad, tha mulad, tha mulad is arteal: HF3, c, 354–84

Tha ’n latha ’n diugh gu fliuch fuaraidh: HF1, vi, 197–222

Tha ’n oidhche nochd fuar, ’s i reothadh gu cruaidh: HF1, xxxix, 1349–72

Tha an oidhche nochd fuar, tha i cruaidh le frasan: HF2, xlv, 195–226

Tha caolas eadar mi is Iain: HF2, l, 488–524

Tha ’n crodh an diugh dol air imprig: HF2, lvii, 728–33

Tha ’n t-uisg’, an ceò, air na beannan: HF2, lii, 593–613

Tha sneachd air na beannaibh Diùrach: HF2, lxvi, 974–93

Thogainn fonn gun bhith trom: HF3, cvi, 669–704

Thug an latha gu dìle: HF3, cxxxv, 1688–1703

Thug mi gaol do’n nighinn duinn: HF1, xi, 379–408

Thug mi ’n oidhche, ge b’fhad’ i: HF3, xciii, 120–63

Trom òr o chalainn: HF3, xcvii, 232–78

Turadh am muigh: HF2, lxxxvi, 1630–42

Turas a chaidh Rìgh Artair ’s a shluagh: HF2, xlia, 1–68

Stone whorls WHM 1992 13 2.4

Stone whorls WHM 1992 13 2.4
Stone whorls collected by Alexander Carmichael, held by West Highland Museum (ref. WHM 1992 13 2.4). [© carstenflieger.com]