tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-87420713850323851552024-03-12T23:04:25.613+00:00Carmichael Watson Project BlogSharing research on Scottish Highland folklore and material culture as found in the collections of Alexander Carmichael (1832-1912) and keeping researchers updated on the project. Based at the University of Edinburgh and funded by The Leverhulme Trust.Carmichael Watson Projecthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10492290118329791088noreply@blogger.comBlogger293125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8742071385032385155.post-81524263195482167782014-11-24T15:12:00.000+00:002014-11-24T15:12:44.787+00:00Alexander Carmichael and the Island of Scarp - II<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhdl3VFmXlOiUOQE8MgLtsqNBrM5qXOxq_-F6EJLO3l8_ANkDFgHwIvxzm7ExL9D5HkZu7d-1BSELAECtZj3WshoH7Fl08Paki73Anqd8_tRJS3p50-MSYypqG-eW0-NjRu0PARzD-i0k/s1600/Scarp+1.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhdl3VFmXlOiUOQE8MgLtsqNBrM5qXOxq_-F6EJLO3l8_ANkDFgHwIvxzm7ExL9D5HkZu7d-1BSELAECtZj3WshoH7Fl08Paki73Anqd8_tRJS3p50-MSYypqG-eW0-NjRu0PARzD-i0k/s1600/Scarp+1.bmp" height="220" width="320" /></a></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">In the previous blog
we set the scene: the now uninhabited island of Scarp, off the north-west coast
of ‘mainland’ Harris, and the anecdotes that Alexander Carmichael recorded
there in November 1881. We’re going to continue by looking at what we know
about schooling on the island before Carmichael’s visit.</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">There had been schools in Scarp before. The first on record
was opened by the Edinburgh Society for the Support of Gaelic Schools in 1821,
shortly after the small existing island population was joined by many more
cleared from their townships on the Harris mainland opposite, to make way for a
sheep farm. Provision remained patchy for a generation, whether because
schoolteachers were unwilling to commit themselves to such an isolated posting
– a persistent problem for Scarpaich as long as the island was inhabited – or
because the Society’s remit to circulating schools meant that it was not part
of its plan anyway to fund a permanent employee in Scarp.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">In 1856 the school in Scarp was taken over by the Association
for the Religious Improvement of the Remote Highlands and Islands, better known
as the Ladies’ Highland Association of the Free Church (LHA), in whose <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sgoiltean nan Leddies</i> – the Ladies’
Schools – generations of Highlanders received their institutional education. A
contemporary anecdote about the advent of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sgoil
nan Leddies </i>is preserved in the Rev. Angus Duncan’s superb ethnographical
history <em>Hebridean Island: Memories of
Scarp</em>:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;">So anxious had been the heads of
the island’s twenty-four families, that they told a delegate who visited the
island that if he got a teacher for them, they would gladly row him not only to
Tarbert, where they took him after his visit, but as far as Lochmaddy, forty
miles away! That LHA delegate was the Rev Lewis Hay Irving, Free Church
minister of Falkirk. A third of the island’s population, including married men
– as was customary in the Highlands a hundred years ago – attended this Ladies’
School, the instruction consisting chiefly, if not entirely, of reading and
arithmetic. [Duncan, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hebridean Island</i>,
100–1]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">The islanders’ strong desire to secure a permanent local
teacher also comes through in a report compiled for the LHA on 31 July 1858 by
the Rev. Alexander Davidson (1813–92), Free Church Minister of Harris:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;">The people are too poor to pay
regular fees, but they provide Fuel for the Teacher’s use, with milk, fish,
eggs, or anything they have. [National Records of Scotland ED18/1494]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Not only this, but the previous year the people of Scarp had
built a schoolhouse on their own initiative at the south end of Baile
Meadhanach [Duncan, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hebridean Island</i>,
101], constructed with stone walls, floored with a ‘Composition of lime &
Sand’, and covered with a thatched roof. The LHA itself donated £2 for the windows.
Perhaps rather drily, the minister recorded that its ‘Condition as to Repair and
Ventilation’ was ‘Tolerably Comfortable’. About fifty to sixty children
attended the classes, instructed by a ‘Mr John McDonald, about 30’. Intriguingly,
McDonald is recorded as being ‘formerly a Teacher in Cape Breton, N. America’.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Seven years after the passing of the Education (Scotland) Act
in 1872, state education arrived in the Island of Scarp. On 2 June 1879, the
new official teacher, another John MacDonald, took up the post. Born in 1848,
John MacDonald had already been a teacher for eight years – he was recorded as
such in the 1871 census – and had been certified by the Free Church Training
College in Glasgow, which he had attended from February 1873 to December 1875. Lately
he had spent over two years, between July 1876 and October 1878, teaching in
Shieldaig on the other side of the Minch [NRA ED18/1494]. The family background
of this John MacDonald is further elucidated by the Rev. Angus Duncan.
MacDonald’s father was shepherd at Crabhadail, on the mainland opposite Scarp:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fear Hùisinis</i> [sheepfarmer Alexander MacRae] had a Highland
shepherd living across the Sound at Cravadale, on the far side of Loch na
Cleavag. Before the small communities were formed in 1885, his was the only
place within six miles of our short ferry in which a stormstayed islander could
pass the night. It is, therefore, not surprising that at a certain Communion
season, no less than forty of our islanders spent a night in the shepherd’s
house beside the loch. That was the age of the ‘shakedown’, when in an
emergency all the spare blankets in a house were laid on loose straw on the
floor to form beds. So well-known was the custom that the saying, ‘A straw out
of each shakedown’ [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sop ás gach seid</i>],
was applied to anyone who possessed only what he or she could borrow from
others.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;">…</span></div>
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</span>There is an interesting sequel to such trips [to the Lowlands] in the
case of the Highland shepherd to whom I have just referred. Realising the value
of a knowledge of English and a good general education, he resolved to have his
family educated, no matter what the cost in personal sacrifice. The result was
that two of his sons became schoolmasters, one being an Arts graduate of
Glasgow University, while the other members of his family were all well-read
and spoke fluent English. [Duncan, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hebridean
Island</i>, 78]</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">John MacDonald’s posting in Scarp provides the background to
the anecdote referred to in Alexander Carmichael’s papers and printed in the
previous blog. In our next piece we’ll review what we know about the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Teampall</i>, the old church in Scarp that
was destroyed to supply building materials for John MacDonald’s new home.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>Image</strong>: Scarp school and schoolhouse (Ian Johnston, </span><a href="http://www.mountainandsea.blogspot.co.uk/"><span style="font-size: x-small;">www.mountainandsea.blogspot.co.uk</span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;">)</span></span></div>
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Carmichael Watson Projecthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10492290118329791088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8742071385032385155.post-14152480240324361142014-11-17T14:38:00.001+00:002014-11-17T17:15:10.407+00:00Alexander Carmichael and the Island of Scarp - I<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzfX2rwYReYaMZVKi3CeaEXcxBW29fy2vodYMobfL9Ja0g7ualFBG8JMcsecdtKZNkhmvCyREBo3Mr2wJGnVwLPd_RZOU1j0QRDE9gQxHkzNfg8Y5bgxY_8uer5jG-y9bRXZy2a5afFHk/s1600/2014+-+Scarp+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzfX2rwYReYaMZVKi3CeaEXcxBW29fy2vodYMobfL9Ja0g7ualFBG8JMcsecdtKZNkhmvCyREBo3Mr2wJGnVwLPd_RZOU1j0QRDE9gQxHkzNfg8Y5bgxY_8uer5jG-y9bRXZy2a5afFHk/s1600/2014+-+Scarp+1.jpg" height="213" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Recently we have heard quite a lot about the now uninhabited
island of Scarp, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">An Scarp</i>, four
square miles in extent and separated by a narrow but dangerous channel from the
mountainous north-west shoulder of ‘mainland’ Harris.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Firstly, in the Sir Iain Noble Memorial Lecture at Sabhal
Mòr Ostaig in Skye, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Dan_MacLennan" target="_blank">Dr Hugh Dan MacLennan</a> gave a fascinating talk about his
mother’s native island, and the summers he spent there as a boy.</span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Again, in a recent programme on BBC Radio Scotland, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04nrkch" target="_blank">Remembering the Men of Scarp</a></i>, we heard Murdo
Maclennan, who also spent boyhood summers on the island, describing how he
tends the graves of two relatives there who had lost their lives in the Great
War.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">This made us wonder if Alexander Carmichael had visited
Scarp. A quick check in the files showed that, of course, he had:</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Teampull an Scarp/Scarpa</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">’S na h-Earradh. 16 Nov 1881</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Teampull an Scarp was pretty entire till a few years ago, [<i>deleted</i>: at least from 6 to 7 six to
seven feet of the walls] were standing till then. A schoolmaster came to the
island a man with newfangled notions about things and he made the people pull
down the ruined walls of the temple to build a chimney for himself in his
school house – his fire before then being on the floor of his single roomed
dwelling.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">A small crogan [<i>little earthen dish or jar</i>] stood in the litter of the little temple. The
crogan was small and white, pure white and beautifully fashioned. Every one
admired and no one touched the crogan till one night a woman took home the
crogan. But the woman was ill at ease for what she did she could not sleep at
night and she could not rest by day and at least she repented her deed returned
the crogan to the window of the temple. The crogan was no time there when it
disappeared this time for ever – cha’n fhacas a dhath no dhreach riamh riamh
tuilleadh – cha’n fhacas a dhuine choir riamh riamh tuilleadh a dha[th] no
dhreach.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">In Scarp Greenock is called Chrianaig instead of Grianaig.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">[CW MS 499 fos.642–4]</span></span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">During the eighteenth century, like the similar Hebridean
islands of Eriskay, Scalpay, and Rona, Scarp was a relatively small, relatively
infertile and relatively underpopulated outlier in the wider estate economy. Like
these other islands, Scarp’s circumstances changed drastically during the great
convulsions of the clearances: in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars, it
became home to a large community of tenant families who had been evicted from the
somewhat more fertile ground on the ‘mainland’ opposite. There they would serve
as a labour reserve for the huge new sheep farm run by <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fear Hùisinis</i>, Alexander MacRae from Kintail, on the lands from
which they themselves had been cleared. Even the most cursory glance at the
microhistory of North Harris in the Age of Clearance reminds us that issues of
colonisation, dispossession, deportation, relocation, and, indeed, diaspora,
can be traced not just in the multicultural British Empire overseas, but in a
specifically Gaelic milieu within the Scottish Gàidhealtachd itself.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofclanmac00macr#page/138/mode/2up" target="_blank">Alexander MacRae</a> (1787–1874) was the second son of Archibald MacRae of Ardintoul (1744–1830)
and Janet MacLeod, one of the ten daughters of John MacLeod of Raasay who so
impressed Dr Johnson when he stayed with the chief during his tour of the
Hebrides in 1773. In Harris tradition, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fear
Hùisinis </i>does not enjoy the best of reputations. His father Archibald was apparently
invited to the island on the advice of the hated local factor Donald Stewart;
the family ties that connected them, and other members of the ‘island gentry’,
have been explicated and elucidated in <a href="http://direcleit.blogspot.co.uk/2011/03/factors-linking-factors.html" target="_blank">a series of outstanding blog articles</a> by
Peter Kerr.</span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The clan history, however, describes Alexander MacRae as a ‘good
Catholic’, ‘a liberal and large-hearted man’ who ‘[a]s an amateur musician …
possessed unusual taste and cultivation, and was an excellent violinist. He had
also a keen appreciation of the national music and poetry of the Highlands’. It
is perhaps not surprising that among the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tàilich
</i>that he brought to Harris were two important informants of Alexander
Carmichael, the shepherd and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">seanchaidh</i>
<a href="http://carmichaelwatson.blogspot.co.uk/2010/05/long-time-healing.html" target="_blank">Malcolm MacRae</a> (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">c</i>. 1806–66)</span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> at Abhainn Suidhe, and the dairymaid, singer, and all-round character
<a href="http://carmichaelwatson.blogspot.co.uk/2012/11/book-week-scotland-dancing-dairymaid.html" target="_blank">Mary MacRae</a> (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">c</i>. 1790–1879) </span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">at Caolas Stiatair.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVJXGR5w2zQnveDRqzYXc6PTWSmtWVoahypV0j3PkbbceNIGbClJyz94HGSKJcFO-hZ9NcN0orqTjaWseWHfwRixHZhB3eC2FJwpUydSRFctgSfHI9EaQRPxN564zKlNjLSqXu-xJ-3c4/s1600/2014+-+Caolas+na+Scarp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVJXGR5w2zQnveDRqzYXc6PTWSmtWVoahypV0j3PkbbceNIGbClJyz94HGSKJcFO-hZ9NcN0orqTjaWseWHfwRixHZhB3eC2FJwpUydSRFctgSfHI9EaQRPxN564zKlNjLSqXu-xJ-3c4/s1600/2014+-+Caolas+na+Scarp.jpg" height="121" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">As well as contributing extra labour to Alexander MacRae</span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">’</span>s sheep farm, the people
of Scarp were expected to scratch a precarious living from the island itself –
supplemented for a while by a little summer grazings, and later by a few
patches of arable land across the sound. Above all, however, the Scarpaich were
expected to turn themselves into fishermen. This they did with aplomb, celebrated for their remarkable seamanship – and oarsmanship – both in the treacherous
waters around the island itself, and, for a while, with the long lines out in the
open Atlantic.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">As with similar islands such as Eriskay, Scalpay, and
Rona, initially at least the islanders flourished in spite of the odds. Although the island lacked a deep harbour and safe anchorages, the Scarp fishing industry was able
to keep the people alive. But during the century the population increased
dramatically: crofts were subdivided to the point that by the time of
Alexander Carmichael’s visit in 1881 the island was in danger of becoming
severely overcrowded: 213 Scarpaich inhabited three adjacent townships. In the
words of their representative to the Napier Commission in 1883, Scarp was ‘more
of a pound or a fank than a habitation for them’. As the anecdotes recorded by Alexander Carmichael might suggest, during these
years Scarp society was changing dramatically in other respects too.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Images</b>: Scarp, by Nigel Brown: geograph.org.uk; Caolas na Scarp and North Harris, by Seymore Hicks: gb.geoview.info</span></span></div>
Carmichael Watson Projecthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10492290118329791088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8742071385032385155.post-28173178318370625732014-08-29T13:14:00.002+01:002014-08-29T15:57:35.007+01:00The North Uist Seal Hunt - Part 5<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSCNzPOfEHncU_eQDsOZT2_Hf-TQrosP2vE_6O5chAEQyq1DtCTvZ7I2YDBeCFqVDmueucilGbIVYWqtUCoPhFK2UdcPBdxW5ejpGMSiiFVsMG6BFDG-VK8HnSxIVQut5NhX6nEYmU2uc/s1600/roin+Heisgeir+-+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSCNzPOfEHncU_eQDsOZT2_Hf-TQrosP2vE_6O5chAEQyq1DtCTvZ7I2YDBeCFqVDmueucilGbIVYWqtUCoPhFK2UdcPBdxW5ejpGMSiiFVsMG6BFDG-VK8HnSxIVQut5NhX6nEYmU2uc/s1600/roin+Heisgeir+-+2.jpg" height="223" width="400" /></a></div>
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In our first blog post at the beginning of the week, we
promised two ‘local colour’ newspaper reports about the seals of North Uist.
Here is the second one, taken from the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inverness
Courier</i> of 27 December 1849: an anecdote relating to Heisgeir or the Monach
Islands:</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"> <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Tethering
a Seal. – Harris. – I</span>n these outlandish places, where parks and
enclosures are few and far between, it is the well-known custom to bind the
fore-legs of almost all domestic animals, in various ways, to prevent them
injuring crops, trespassing on neighbouring lands, or travelling to
inconvenient distances from the scene of their labours. But we never heard of
securing seals in this manner until the other day, when such an occurrence took
place in the hyperborean island of Heisker, one of the inhabited isles belonging
to, but several miles distant from, North Uist. Some of the inhabitants, in an
excursion to one of the islets on which they keep sheep, found a seal on the
sea-shore, but being too young to be of any use, they thought of an expedient
to secure the parent; they tied the young phoca to a rock attached to a stake
fixed a considerable distance above the shore; but the weather turning coarse,
they were obliged to put back immediately for home. On visiting the island the
next day, they found the tracks of the old one to and from the place where her
offspring was held captive. The young cub was brisk and lively, after having
evidently received food from his attached, and no doubt much distressed,
mother.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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Was this a usual stratagem for the islanders of Heisgeir, or
a more desperate expedient in an attempt to secure some extra livelihood at a
time of severe famine and atrocious weather?</div>
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<br /></div>
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A report in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Elgin
Courier </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the following year, on </span>29 November 1850, suggests that, although the Hasgeir seal hunt
had been once more delayed by bad weather, this time the hunters
were better prepared for their expedition:</div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Capture
of Seals. – </span>A few days since, the weather for some forty-eight hours
calmed down, and some dozen North Uist men proceeded in two boats on their
yearly visit to Hashgir, in search of seals. They were very successful, for
they killed no fewer than fifty-one of all sizes. One seal measured nine feet
in length, and six and a-half in girth, and yielded nearly thirty Scotch pints
of oil.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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The Macdonald estate had been trying to sell North Uist
since 1848. Eventually the island found a buyer: Sir John Powlett Orde
(1803–78), who had
succeeded to the baronetcy of Morpeth on the death of his father, the eccentric
naval commander Admiral Sir John Orde (1751–1824). News of the purchase appeared in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inverness Courier</i> of the 22 February 1855; Sir John took possession the
following Whitsunday. As a result of his marriage to Eliza Woollery Campbell
(d. 1829), Orde had acquired the Kilmory estate by Lochgilphead in Argyllshire, as
well as enjoying Eliza’s share of the profits from the sale of two sugar slave plantations
in Jamaica sold to the Leith merchant Sir John Gladstone (1764–1851), father of
William Ewart Gladstone, the Prime Minister. For his new country seat Orde had
built the rather unattractive Kilmory Castle, today the headquarters of Argyll
and Bute Council. By all accounts a remarkably disagreeable character, the
baronet’s memory <a href="http://scottishboating.blogspot.co.uk/2013/12/kilmory-causeway-cats-or-careless.html" target="_blank">remains notorious in Lochgilphead to the present day</a>.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Orde nevertheless won over his new tenants in North Uist,
donating a site for the first Free Church on the island, in Paible, and,
according to an <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inverness Courier</i>
report of 18 September 1856, acting ‘very handsomely to the large tenants here,
by giving them new leases of their farms without even advertising them. The
smaller occupants also are left as they were without any removals, I believe,
unless from one part of the property to another.’ This was a very different way
of running the North Uist estate from that of previous administration.</div>
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<br /></div>
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The following year, Orde’s son, Captain John William Powlett
Orde (1827–97), apparently took part in the Hasgeir seal hunt himself. A column
in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inverness Courier</i> of 29
October 1857 describes how:</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Captain
Orde has been shooting here for the last fortnight. He is considered an
excellent sportsman, and a very condescending and amiable young man. The other
day, he ventured with a boat and crew into ‘Hasskir,’ a range of wild steep
rocks, lying about fifteen miles to the west of this island, in the direction
of St Kilda, and fetched thence no less than forty seals. It is rumoured that
Captain Orde, and not his father, is the real proprietor of this estate; we,
however, naturally look to Sir John himself as our head. Be that as it may, one
thing is certain, that people are fully as well satisfied under the new rule as
they ever were under the ancient line of the Macdonalds.</span></div>
<br />
A captain in the 42<sup>nd</sup> Highlanders, the Black
Watch, Orde would have been a good shot, probably armed with a new Enfield
rifle. The Hasgeir seal hunt had become a field sport.<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Orde would take his mother’s surname by Royal Licence on 16
January 1880, becoming Sir John Campbell-Orde, Bart.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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We thought that we’d end the blog with poetry concerning some of
the characters that we’ve met already this week. Here are some verses from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cuideachadh Mhaighstir Ùisdean</i> by the
Rev. John Norman MacDonald (1830–68), Church of Scotland minister of Harris,
third son of Roderick MacDonald of Cunambuintag in Benbecula. The brief
biography in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fasti </i>[vol. vii, 190]
praises his ‘outstanding ability and culture … [H]e devoted much of his spare
time, both in his student days and afterwards, in collecting the floating
traditions and poetry of his native Uist.’ In the third volume of <i>Clan Donald</i> [389] he is described as ‘[a] scholarly man of wide and varied culture, [who] left a large number of valuable MSS., dealing principally with the history, lore, and poetry of the Outer Islands.’ Both of these accounts will derive from his nephew, the Rev. Angus MacDonald of Killearnan (1858–1932). We have met the Rev. John Norman MacDonald as a
bard <a href="http://carmichaelwatson.blogspot.co.uk/2010/10/carmichaels-in-census-i.html" target="_blank">before</a>, writing in the name of his fellow minister the Rev. John Alexander
MacRae (1832–96) of North Uist, fourth son of the Rev. Finlay MacRae.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cuideachadh Mhaighstir
Ùisdean</i>, printed on pp. <a href="https://archive.org/stream/macdonaldcollect00macd#page/142/mode/2up" target="_blank">143–7</a> of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">MacDonald
Collection of Gaelic Poetry</i> (Inverness, 1911) edited by the Rev. Angus MacDonald
of Killearnan and the Rev. Archibald MacDonald of Kiltarlity, is the comical
answer to ‘verses perilously bordering on the satirical’ [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">MacDonald Collection</i>, xxvii] composed by the Rev. Hugh MacDonald of
Bernera (1822–88). The latter was himself a native of Benbecula, son of John MacDonald of
Torlum, and grandson of Domhnall Bàn MacDonald, brother of the Ùisdean Bàn of
Cille Pheadair, South Uist, whose fascinating testimony regarding Ossian is
printed in the Appendix of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Report</i>
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">of the Committee of the Highland Society</i>
of 1805.</div>
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<br /></div>
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According to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cuideachadh</i>,
the marvellous poetry composed by the Rev. Hugh has not only put the entire countryside
under enchantment, but has wakened the ferocious heroes of old. The land is now
in danger. Among those his poetry has aroused is Odar’s head, rising out of its resting
place in Griminis:</div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ach ’s ann a bha ’n
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Os cionn nan stuadhan
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">An Griminis ’nuair a
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">An cnoc uaine nuas
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Claigionn Odair làn
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Le mhalaidhean
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Falt air dhroch
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Bu chulaidh uamhais
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">There was uproar and
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Above the dreadful
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In Griminis when the
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Was shaken, out of
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The skull of Odar,
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">With his gloomy brows
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Hair unkempt about
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<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">A truly terrible
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Bha dhà shùil mar
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">O chuan éitidh
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Bu gleodha [?<i>recte</i>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Le ceathach bréun a
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Bha ’n duslach a
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ri! bu déistinneach
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Chlisg an eunlaith
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">’S theich gach
creutair as na dheannruith.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His two eyes were
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">From an awful sea on
a winter morning,</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His mouth was </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[?<i>a creek of caves</i>]</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">With stinking smoke
coming out with a snort.</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Lord! what a
loathsome sight!</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The birds in the
skies took fright,</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">And every creature
made off in haste.</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">'Nuair a chrath e ’n
ùir as fhiaclan, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">A chiabhagan liath,
’s as fhéusaig, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Leig e sgairt as,
chrith an iarmailt, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Chrith an cuan an
iar, ’s na sleibhtean;</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">‘Cà’ ’eil mo chorp?
grad thoir a nios e,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Mur deach a riasladh
as a cheile,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ged dh’ ithinn, ’s
ged dh’ òlainn gu siorruidh,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Cha riaraich sud
trian de m’ éislein.’</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">When he shook the
earth out of his teeth,</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His grey sideburns,
and his beard,</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He roared, the skies
shook,</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The ocean shook, and
the hillsides;</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">‘Where’s my body?
Give it back immediately</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Unless it was mangled
asunder,</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Although I should eat
and drink forever,</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">That won’t appease a
third of my sorrow.’</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ge tréun an saighdeir
tha Bhàlaidh, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">’S anns na blàir ge
neothar thaingeil,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Theich e, ’s bu mhòr
an càs leinn, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Nach b’ fhearr e na
coilleach Frangach; </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Spàrr e cheann fo
chòta mhàthar, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">’S chluinnt’ a ràn
cho fad is Langais;</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">’S ged a bha batraidh
ceart lamh ris, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Cha d’ fhuiling e
tàir’ no ainneart. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 72.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Strong though the
soldier in Bhàlaigh was,</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Resourceful in
battle,</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He fled – and we were
in great distress</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">That he was no better
than a Turkey cock;</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He thrust his head
under his mother’s coat,</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">And his wail was
heard as far away as Langais;</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">And although a full
artillery battery were beside him </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He wouldn’t suffer
contempt or violence.</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Bha Fear Scolpaig air
a léireadh, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ghabh e ’n ratreuta
na dheannaibh,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Cha tugadh e sùil na
dhéigh, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ged dh’ eighte dha
Breatunn fo bhannaibh;</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Mar a ni ostrich ’na
h-eiginn, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">A ceann a chur fo
ghéig a falach, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Shàth e cheann ’s an
fheamainn-chéirein,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">’S dh’ fhàg e
fheamainn féin ri gealaich. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The tacksman of
Scolpaig was distressed</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He made a hasty
retreat,</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He wouldn’t look
behind him,</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Even though all
Britain were to be promised to him;</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As an ostrich in
distress</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Will hide away its
head under a branch,</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">So he thrust his head
in the rock seaweed,</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">And he left his own
seaweed </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[?<i>exposed – probably indecent!</i>]<i> to the moon</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Dh’ amhairc an
claigionn mu ’n cuairt dha, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">’S mhothaich e ’s an
uair da choluinn, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Chaidh e fo
thrioblaid, ’s fo thuairgneadh, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">’S thuirt e, ‘Leam a
nuas!’ gu corrail;</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">’S e m’ aiteas bhi
air do ghuaillean,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ach mo thruaighe!
chaidh mo ghonadh, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Tha do mheud air fàs
cho suarach, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">’S nach lion do
chruachain mo bhonaid. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The skull looked
about</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">And noticed his body,</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He grew troubled and
disturbed</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">And said fretfully,
‘Jump up!</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">I’d be glad to be on
your shoulders,</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">But dear me! I’m
sorely hurt,</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">You’ve grown so
insignificant</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">That your hips won’t
even fill my bonnet.’</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Chlisg Fear Scolpaig,
leum e suas, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Le sùrdagan luath
thug e ’n tràigh air</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Le sùil ri dol as o
thuasaid,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Fo chlaidhimh cruaidh
Sheumais Bhàlaidh;</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Dh’ fhòghnadh sud, an
ceann ’s na cluasan, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">A bh’ air a
ghuaillean mar tha leis, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Bu bheag a thoirt
dheth na fuamhairean,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">A fhuair dhiubh còrr
is a b’ fheairrd iad.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The tacksman of
Scolpaig started and jumped up,</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">With speedy leaps he
made for the beach</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Intending to escape
from the quarrel</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Under the protection
of the hard sword of James of Bhàlaigh;</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">It would be enough,
to keep the head and the ears</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">That were on his
shoulders already,</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">It wouldn’t be good
for it to be taken off by the giants</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: normal; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
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<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-GB</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
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<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
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<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
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</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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</span></i><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Who had got more of
them than was good for them </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[?<i>anyway</i>].</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
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The meaning of the last two lines isn’t entirely clear.<br />
<br />
Seumas Bhàlaigh, the soldier with his sword, is Major James
MacRae (1834–73), whom we’ve met earlier reciting to Alexander Carmichael the
story of Odar, his leap, and his head. The tacksman of Scolpaig, whose massive frame is nevertheless still
too small for Odar’s head, is Carmichael’s good friend John MacDonald (1824–88),
factor of North Uist.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Image</b>: seals at Heisgeir (Stuart Keasley)</span>.</div>
Carmichael Watson Projecthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10492290118329791088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8742071385032385155.post-51422783617095552582014-08-28T20:48:00.000+01:002014-08-29T09:09:35.095+01:00The North Uist Seal Hunt - Part 4<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnby1NrgLgsQBoqvMdXBcprF-cWCRDme0vNX70CqBBxoto513cZltAkwla_8ZWOtEf55QYGI9lKLL3M4s05U0DoKxgwMP_sW_x645eEXu2F32jUBztq23IPV43R2hY2-Cq6JhZTRYgYvc/s1600/Tac+Ghriminis+etc.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnby1NrgLgsQBoqvMdXBcprF-cWCRDme0vNX70CqBBxoto513cZltAkwla_8ZWOtEf55QYGI9lKLL3M4s05U0DoKxgwMP_sW_x645eEXu2F32jUBztq23IPV43R2hY2-Cq6JhZTRYgYvc/s1600/Tac+Ghriminis+etc.jpg" height="269" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">In the account of the annual Hasgeir seal hunt that
appeared in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inverness Advertiser</i>
of 18 December 1849 [<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">IA</i></b>], the writer describes how carefully
the seals were allocated amongst those who had taken part:</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The
spoil is divided, – one-third to the men and boat; then the tenant of Gremnish
takes half of the remainder, the half of the next remainder and also the fifth;
after this what are left are divided thus, – the tenant of Scalpeg gets
two-thirds, and the tenant of Ballalone one-third. These two farms are
contiguous to that of Gremnish, and the laird’s factor who lived on Gremnish,
it is said, out of neighbourly feeling, gave these small moities to supply his
friends with lamp-oil in the long winter nights.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Passing over the portion of the boat crew, this gives, rounded to one decimal point where appropriate, Griminis, 75%, Scolpaig, 16.7%, and Cille Pheadair (now incorporated into Baile an Lòin), 8.3%; in graph form:</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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" 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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">We have seen how valuable seal oil in particular was to the
economy of the local communities in the north-west corner of North Uist who
took part in the annual hunt on Hasgeir. In this blog we’ll take a closer look
at how the hunters divided up their quarry: the sums after the seal hunt.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Alexander Carmichael was very interested in songs and
stories about seals in the culture of North Uist, and recorded at least four
separate accounts of how the animals killed in the hunt were divided up. The
first item is an ‘original recording’ in field notebook CW107, while the other
three, from the long section of transcription notebook CW112 dealing with ‘seal
lore’, have been copied and adapted from earlier texts that are apparently no
longer extant. Here they are:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Account 1</b>:
probably recorded on 24 March 1869 from a Margaret MacLeod, Gearraidh, Taigh a’
Ghearraidh, then later transcribed and expanded into the same transcription
notebook on 7 October 1875, at Carmichael’s home in Creag Ghoraidh, Benbecula
[CW112/22 fo.93<sup>v</sup>].</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Seals
of Haisgeir. They were div[ided] into 2 p[ar]ts half this was given to
P[eighinn] m[h]or where Odars heads [sic] are bur[ie]d. The other half
div[ide]d into 6 shares 3 of them to P[eighinn] m[h]or 2 to Scolp[aig] & 1
to Killph[eadar]. recently ¼ of these 3 div[isions] lat[e]ly went to Scolp[aig]
owing to a par[t] of the farm of Grim[inish] had been added to Scolp[aig] Seal
9 x 6 [?9 foot 6 inches] x 37 p[i]nts oil</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Cuilein
M[h]icheil [St Michael’s Pup] was a choic[e] young seal prepar[e]d roasted on
Mich[a]elmas night [CW107/35 fo.34<sup>r</sup>]</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: small;">Griminis (</span><span style="font-size: small;">here described as A’ Pheighinn Mhór)<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">: 68.8%; Scolpaig: 22.9%; Cille Pheadair: 8.3%. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span><img alt="" height="120" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAeEAAAEhCAIAAADHwI/tAAAbyUlEQVR4nO2d/1NUR7qH+bv4H1KmyiKlbpkiZiWl5m50K2u8sqtLspDrDViSW66xInsL9xqWXU0FbsQYM4GZEaFQ0QsGiRhwRTGoO7gKoUaW6vvDGJwvZw7z5Zx+u/s8T31+UWbOjMvpJ73vebu7pqOjowUAAMyjo6OjpqWlRQEAgHm0tLTgaAAAQ8HRAADmgqMBAMwFRwMAmAuOBgAwFxwNAGAuOBoAwFxwNACAueBoAABzwdEAAOaCowEAzAVHAwCYC452nPknt+ZS3926Pz85+0T6uwBA2eBoK5lLfTeX+m5i9sLVH04PfX/yyysffHnlg87+Nz+9sNkzH/zliw1NscLsOjrU2Dna2Dna0j3WNTDdNTA9PpMan0ktLq9I/xMBQCkcbT7plaW51Hfjf+/LuNhHxD4p5mj/bG8fbOwcPXH+1rnL95iGA4iAo43jp/TCzPzlaowclKMLs7fjSnvPRO/Q3fGZVHplVfp/KgD3wdFG8PjpnYnZC9+Of/yXi78KRMohOTovu4+PnDh/6+rUY3wNEBI4Woyf0gsTsxcu/F/bn2Kvh+FlDY7Om2J3DUxTEgEIFhytm8dP71yf6fl8eF/YXtbs6LXUNfe3dI+du3wv9Swt/T82gPXgaE3MPr5+8WZHSKUMoxydnZbusdi1OSohABWDo8Pl6U8PR6a6pNQs7ui1mXXrmRuJ8R+lfxsA9oGjQyG9svT9/YGekQOyajbE0WvZcije3jNBzRqgdHB0wMylvot/94mGx4A2Onotu4+PUAMBKAUcHRi3H1wyZ+JsuKMzqW9Lnozd5tEigA84ulr+tfp8YvaCeMXZRkevhQIIQDFwdOX8lF64+sPpoJYCRtnRmeztuDJ886H0bxXALHB0JaRXloa+P2la0dl2R2fS2Dk6PpOS/g0DmAKOLo9/rT63Ze5sqaPXTD394Kn0bxtAHhxdKv9afT7+977/ie8QF24UHJ1JS/cYpoaIg6NL4vv7A4Y/FXTS0Zm090zMLyxL3wIAMuDodVi6Nzt64N+74rvEPRtZR29oitU1959O3pG+FwAEwNFFWX2env5z58Crrwy8+kr82Hvino2yozPZdXSIFj2IGjjam4XxsZG3d2QEnckXca071eHoYjl2dpKjvCA64Oh8VhYXJz8+km3nTJIHLS53uOToDU2x+rYkOzRBRMDROTwaHrr0xuuFgs7k/NcHxW2Lo9fSdOo668jBeXD0C9ILqbH3DxazcyaJnVs7v90mLlwcvZYth+JMqMFtcLRSSj2IfXPxF5v8BZ1J/18N3TUpmo7OpL1nggo1uErUHb36PO1ZfS6W+OaN3Yl3xJ2Lo/NCywe4SqQdvXRv9sqed0oXtL19eM47egM91OAo0XX0o+GhEusbhekd2C+uXRztmcbOUR4kgktE1NG3Oz6tzM6W9uFFx9EbmmJbDsXZOQ+cIXKOTi+krv92fzWCzuTCud+LmxdHF0tdc3/s2pz0vQYQANFy9D+/n/Rpfy4riZ1b/9z/lrh8cbRPTpy/JX3HAVRLhBw929sTiJ3XYlEfXjQdvaEp1tI9xsm2YDVRcfTa7kgBJr554+nEr8X9i6P9s/v4CE8RwV4i4eiyOqDL07QlfXhRdvSGplh9W5KzAsBSHHf06vP0RNtHIQk6k7MDjeIKxtHrpq65/+rUY+n7EaBsXHb06vP0ultwVJ/EvrfMP3wWR6NpsBRnHb2yuDj63rthCzoT8/vwcPSaptmDCezCTUevLC5WsMi78qn0G5sM78PD0dmhdRoswkFHL8/PDze8qU3QmRjeh4ej0TRYimuOFhF0Jib34eFoNA2W4pSjBQU98OorydY94i7G0WgaHMMdR2uuQXvG2D48HI2mwVIccbSeNrt1k9i9zcw+PBxdLDTkgeE44uiwF6qUHjP78HC0T7YcirMKEYzFBUeHsRdHxYlv3mhgHx6O9s/29sH5hWXpGxnAA+sdHfhudgFoutO4qjSOXje7j49wcC0YiN2Onk/GxY3sGdP68HB0KWk6dZ2NTME0LHb0wvhY4rWN4jr2TLLlV+JextEVpL1nQvq+BsjBVkcvz89XfGKsnhjVh4ejS0/v0F3puxvgJVY6evV5Wtt+SRUnsXOrOX14OLqscGQtmIOVjq7yVG9t+ebLg+J2xtEVpL4tydEtYAj2OfrR8JC4fEuMOX14OLrcNHaOSt/pAEpZ52jzy9D5mj6xX1zQOLqycKw4mIBNjraiDF0YE/rwcHRlGb75UPquh6hjk6NtKUPnJXlwF462NFsOxVl/CLJY42iLytCF6fv2dzja0uztuMLCFhDEDkdbV4bOi3gfHo6uJl0D09IjAKKLHY62sQydl/7PJfvwcHQ1qWvuZ2M8kMICR9//qk/csNVHtg8PR1eZ3cdHpMcBRBTTHZ1eSFld5cjR9LH3cLS9OZ28Iz0aIIqY7mhzNu8PJJ8nfoOjLU1dc//soyXpAQGRw2hHL4yPiVs12Ej14eHoQMLiQ9CPuY5efZ4eeXuHuFUDz/mvBR4e4uigcu7yPemRAdHCXEfPdH0m7tMwItKHh6ODSl1zP9stgU4MdfTy/Lyx+/dXn/6/HsDR9oZzAEAnhjp67P2D4iYNL/HNG7viWgvTODrY0C4N2jDR0caeUhikpvX24eHoYNPSPSY9SiAqGOfo1efpS2+8Lu5QDekd0LdtKY4OPFenHkuPFYgExjl6trdH3J56orMPD0cHHlYegh7McnR0JtGZXDj3exxtb9hdGjRglqOjM4nOJLFza+e323C0palvS7JtKYSNQY6O2iQ6Ez19eDg6pPQO3ZUeN+A4Bjk6apPoTOKbN3Yn3sHRloapNISNKY6O5iT6habD78PD0eGFqTSEiimOjuYkei1nBxpxtKXZ3j4oPXrAZYxwdJQn0ZkkD+4KdRMPHB1qaPCA8DDC0RGfRGcSah8ejg419EpDeMg7mkl0JomdW8M7TAtHh53J2SeCgwgcRt7RUdido8SE14eHo8MOO3hASMg72u0t7srN6cSvcbSlYTM8CANhRy/Pz4tr0agkP34XR1uaY2cnpcYROIywo109bKWahNGHh6M1pK65f3F5RWoogasIO5qnhYVJ7Hsr8D48HK0nsWtzUkMJXEXS0f8YvSouRDMTeB8ejtaTplPXRYYSOIyko2982CxuQzMT37wx2D48HK0tnEgLwSLm6PRCyuFTZQPIZ7/D0Tbm3OV7+kcTOIyYo1lbuG4C7MPD0dqyt+OK/tEEDiPm6JG3d4hL0PAkW/fgaBszv7Csf0CBq8g4+tn0D+IGtCJB9eHhaJ05nbyjeUCBw8g4mrboEpPYuTWQPjwcrTO7jg5pHlAGMnWktqampvbIlLYrVP+JZiLj6NH33hXXny355suDONq6zD5a0jymfCjlC/u9v6+hJpdSPIijg0LA0emFlLj4LEogfXg4WnNOxm7rHFP+lPKFi7w1o+c87/U1uKhCYxFw9IPYN+Lisyvxzmqr0jhac4w6nKWUL+z1vszEtKFP9/eFHAQczdKVClJlHx6O1h9zdpQu5dsWvqtEQ08dqa2paehbK4isTbD7GnLe/vPkO3PZmpqXPyz8G+V1hakjtZkrZJVe/F6vVPFXWoVuR68+T7N0pYIkW36Fo+1K18C0tmHlTynftuBNpU6iM+qsrS2ofng4OtvhmT83NDTkuTrrEz0cnX2FdV6f86epI7XWVmd0O5o9OipO37eVrzzE0fpjzt4dpXzbgjf1NZT2AO6FOgtl7unorJd5vNHrLXmOzvlGfq8vmFRbi25H3/rkj+KyszTV9OHhaP3ZciiubVj5U8q3zX+P9yTVo7VjrQSRj69wff7m5bW8HJ3z+rzPzp85O9LlodvRww1visvO3sR6KtwPD0eLxJCTWUr5qgVvKj6Pzv2JqY7OrnPbbWqtjl66NyuuOatTcR8ejhZJ79BdPSPLn1K+asGbitejbXF01rusfmqo1dHsoxSApk/sx9G2xJCDaEv5qoXvKippqxzteWG70OroibaPxB3nQD5P/AZHWxFDStKlfFWv9xU85sv6a7scXfRL2oBWR7PXXSBJHtyFo22JCSXpUr6n9ztfVApy7Jb3MM5QR08dqc1rw7NV0RodvbK4KG43Z/LVN+Vt4oGjpWJISboastaYeDyCM9TReV/bWkErnY5eGB8TV5szKbcPD0dLxZCSNNiLPkfzwDDY9H9exlQaR0vFqI07wEb0OZoHhsEmvnljV7zUwjSOFgzHskA16HM0DwyD1/Sx93C0+UmM/6hhfIGraHI0DwxDyhfxfTja8JizuRLYiCZH88AwpJTYh4ejBdN65kbY4wscRpOjeWAYXs5/vf7DQxwtmL0dV8IeX+Awmhw9+fERcZe5mlL68HC0YAxZbQiWosnR13+7X9xlDqf/rwdwtMlZXF4Je4iBq2hyNFuShpr45o3diXdwtLEx59wssA5NjuZ8rNA17duHh6NlQ/sdVIwOR6cXUuIKi0J6B4puW4qjZUP7HVSMDkc/m/5B3F9RiE8fHo6WDe13UDE6HM05s9py4Zz3YVo4Wja030HF6HD0/a/6xOUVkSR2bvU8TAtHy4b2O6gYHY6e6fpMXF7RiWcfHo4WD+13UBk6HM0CFp2Jb954OvFrHG1a2P0OKkOHo1nAolvTBX14OFo8s4+WQh1l4Co6HM2upPpzdqARRxuV8ZlUqKMMXEWHo1lkqD+JfW9lb+KBo8WDo19S/ADvCsg7A9c9cLSzye7Dw9HisdLRucfNBuZBHF0OOhx96Y3XxYUVwSTe2LTWh4ejxSO4HLyUu8XjbXmndKupI7UBqTBQRzuPDkeL2yqyWevDw9HiiV2bC3WUVTkAC96UmZ6GI1IcXQ442vFk+vBwtHhsc3T+LNqLnFJI3mv7GrKqJHlCznX01JHazJ+yLlfwwTmXy/1pofFzP9vrG9gEjnY8ydY9ONqE2OboF6Irbuk8ifc1vPxD3o8KKsYejq6trX35V4WXzlJs5ntlKTfP0TlvLnixheBo93N2oBFHi0dw67tSbhKv972cjhaa2mea7fWjXI96ODrvHb7VEC8p//zHjPBzi+iWP1DE0e4nsXvbH071iEsq4rHQ0UrlljNKU5/3j3JE6uXoXCH7VsM9ptlFHe1A7Tt0R68sLopLKsq5tOOtrtb/rm/+WlxSEY+ljn7Bmqpf2M7HfN4/KqxA+DraV63lOJp59Posz8+LeyqaiR/44L/a/ibuJpKJ3Y5WKresrNvRuY3aNcUd7TVjt1vRONq5DP5y2xf/+cmO//hK3EokO/Y7Olt4ZZajK6t1vLiI9yNH33l07UujW13mUErhaJdycd/+P7WdEpcR8czp5J3wRpk/pdw8JVwmx6XBPzPMlmnhR2X/1M/RfQ3Wz5vzCd3Rq8/T4vJyOxfrt5778OPdh/rENUR8Ylnv3VrTcs5f+DTUTR2p/fn13i8t2i33so7h/f7ct//8ar95dNGyiJXQ12FxBvfsOdl6ctMfLogLiKwbyxytCleCFFYNfBaW5LrSt9i85uCsy3m94eWPcifLhVcrbOOzWdPsqWRfkls2xT74aN9HX4p7h5QeK/dU0kKQq869Hlja3trB/tE2hUY6e4OjixGgo4u3iOBoXziHpcokXtvY//sPW9pYK2hxOIelGEHOows3KrV/NbgOR9/4sFlcc5aGRjpnwnmGxQh6h7316+h2wZmzhoYVKI6Fc8GhMnQ4evrPneLKsyU00rmaUIcYOIwOR890fSbuPvPDChSHU9fcH+oQA4fR4egHsW/EDWhsaKSLQra3D4Y6xMBhcLRYLr39b6xAiUh2Hx8JdYiBw+hw9D+/nxQXojmhkS6CaT1zI9QhBg6jw9FsIZ3J4C+3sQIlmhHcUAlsR4ejlVKX3nhdXJGCoZEu4hm++TDsIQauosnRY+8fFBel/lys38oKFLKBRYZQBZocfbvjU3FjarUzjXTk59B4B9WgydH3v+oT96aGJLdsYgUKyQtNHVANmhztfGsHWzmTYqGpA6pBk6Ndbe1IvLaRFSjEPzR1QDVocrRyrrWDrZxJiaGpA6pBn6NH33tXXKyBhBUopKxMP3iqYXyBq+hz9K1P/iiu12rCVs6ksqRXVjWML3AVfY6e7e0R92xlSe4/wAoUUlkcburIP/Mk7yxBr6MFA/90rfv3l3MwYuGBMBWjz9HPpn8Qt21ZYStnUn1OnL+lYXCFSt65JnnneYfi6NxTxT1PU8HRoXDxF5vEzVtKBvfsYQUKCSQmPDD89MLmdeP9Tg/T9DUUM2PQjs762BfOzr6a4Y4OEK2ONvzQLLZyJoHHhCOyKnV0mQdqh+hojy+Do0PB2I2kL+14ixUoJPAYUoyuzNHrS9Bfyh6Ozqma+F3Zw4b5X2ftz1l1kcJL+n5izg893Zv1ip8/qeD/VBS5Qu4/f+pIbU1NQ9/aG8oxvVZHL8/Pi+s4O2zlTEKNIcXoihxdwjy1LEfnXm+dq5fs6CzdFVzS9xNzSzYZdeZ9nZyZ+5qN177VOlfwcHRtbW0l03CtjlZKDTe8Ka7mgVdfGfzltr99dIIVKCTUmFCMVhU6uoRCRzmO7mvIu5pv4aDwh0UMXDirrfATC2b9hf/+jIaL/k/i+8/3KKiXjG5Hi5ek2cqZaIsJxWhlhKOLFT6KSCtfpx569JiJ57yrzE/0LHfn/fP969F5V/CaR1dWytbtaKmS9MX6rf/7H39kBQrRFkOK0coER3v00vkWpQtfX/BN1nF0uZ+Y/8/18nlEHK2/JM1WzkQkhhSjlQn16HKbMEpQWkmO9v1E3/8QeP0nquBb+V3BXkcrXSXp5JZNX//hMCtQiFQMKUarSvs61p9IV1fr8KN6R6/ziQXV7LJrHetdwWpHh12SZitnYkIMKUarivuj152KluHoMifSATja/xPXf0S43jPD9a5gtaP/MXo1DDVnGulYgUJMSGPnqM4x5U/l6ww9ntVltUtU0HuXN1MtptAAHO3/iV59eb4PJfsaMr1zRf4bUHgFqx29+jwd7F7SbOVMTMu5y/d0jil/Kne0UgXbdZQs5fXWsPjNqgNx9DqfmP2jF6tL8j8xq95ce2SqoJ3P9wpWO1oFt09p/MAHrEAhpqWuud+cQgfYjoyjqzzekK2cicnhAEMIEBlHq0q7Oy7u2/9J21/EByEhPjGnowMcQMzRM12flaFmtnImlqS+LcnBKxAgYo5eujdbUlljz56TrSfFBx4hJebY2Un9owkcRszRyvcUWrZyJpZmcvaJyGgCV5F09P2v+oo10rEChdiYXUeHRIYSOIyko9MLqcRrG7NXoNBIR6xO18C0yFACh5F0tFJq7P2DmUY6VqAQBzK/sCw1lMBVhB09MXFHfFwREkiMWv8NziDsaKXU7uMj4qOLkOpDWzSEgbyjz12+Jz66CKky9W1JwUEEDiPv6PTKan1bUnyMEVJNeofuCg4icBh5Ryuleofuio8xQioOawshPIxwNFNpYnWYREN4GOFopdTJ2G3xkUZIBWESDaFiiqNTz9J1zf3i442QcnMydlt69IDLmOJopdSJ87fExxshZaWuuT/1LC09dMBlDHI0U2liXU6cvyU9bsBxDHK0Uqr1zA3xUUdIiWESDRowy9HTD56KDzxCSgyTaNCAWY5WTKWJJWESDXowztFUpYkVYRtS0INxjlYsOyTGZ3v7ID3RoAcTHZ1eWWUzPGJy2OIOtGGio5VS4zMp8XFIiGeaTl2XHh8QIQx1tOLhITEydc39s4+WpAcHRAhzHc3DQ2JgWPkNmjHX0YqHh8SwsH0S6MdoR/PwkBgVHhWCfox2tOLhITEmPCoEEUx3tOLhITEgPCoEKSxwdOpZesuhuPgoJVEOJ62AFBY4Wik1fPOh+CglkU1L95j0CIDoYoejFScAEKHUtyUXl1ekb3+ILtY4Or2yurfjiviIJVHL+ExK+t6HSGONo5VS8wvLFKaJzrC5HYhjk6MVhWmiMY2do9L3O4BtjlYUpomW1Lcl2cIfTMA+R1OYJhpCGRoMwT5HKwrTJORQhgZzsNLRisI0CS2UocEobHW0ojBNQsj29kG6ocEoLHa0Uqq9Z0J8VBNnUt+WnF9Ylr6pAXKw29HpldWmU9fFxzZxIHXN/dMPnkrf0QD52O1oxR7TJIjUNfdfnXosfS8DeGC9o5VSi8sru44OiY9zYm9i1+ak72IAb1xwtFJqfmF5e/ug+FAnNuZ08o70/QtQFEccrZSafvCUpmlSbk6cvyV95wL44Y6jlVLjMymOEielh42hwXyccrRS6urUY/GRT6xIY+coh3yD+bjmaKVU7Nqc+Pgnhmf38RHWqoAVOOhohaaJb5pOXWcGDbbgpqOVUlenHlObJoVp75lA0GARzjpa0elBCnIydlv6rgQoD5cdrZSafbRE3zTJpHforvT9CFA2jjtaKZV6lmaxeMRT19zPSkKwFPcdrZRaXF5h66XIhr04wGoi4WilVHpllY1MI5gth+LsZgdWExVHZzgZuy1uDaIt29sHZx8tSd90AFURLUcrpXqH7tKTF4W0dI+xSgUcIHKOVkpNP3jKXqYOp665nxYOcIYoOloptbi80nrmhrhNSODZ3j44OftE+v4CCIyIOjrDucv3qHu4FOob4B6RdrRSavbREnUPB0J9A1wl6o5WtOXZH+ob4DA4+gWxa3PUPWwM9Q1wGxz9EuoedoX6BkQBHJ3P6eQddsszPy3dY6lnaembBSB0cLQHqWdpOvOMza6jQ+y/AdEBRxdlcvYJG+YZlbrm/tPJO+zQD5ECR69D79BdSh8mhOIGRBMcvT6pZ2ma8wRDcQOiDI4uFUof+kNxAwBHl0fs2hz9eXrsfOL8LYobADi6EoZvPmROHVK2HIp3DUyzLAUgA46unPGZVGPnqLjUnEl9W7J36C6VDYBscHS1TM4+aekeExec1dnePsiZsACe4OhgmH20RO9HBdnbcWX45kPp3x6AueDoIJlfWD52drK+LSnuPvPTdOr6+ExK+jcGYDo4OhSGbz5sPXODjfQKs/v4SO/QXRo2AEoER4fI4vJK7NoczxU3NMV2HR3qGpieX1iW/p0AWAaO1sH8wvLp5J0INlZvbx88cf7W9IOn0r8BAFvB0VqZfvD02NnJ7e2D4vYMNVsOxY+dnaTcDFA9OFqG+YXl2LW59p4Jlx4wNnaOdg1Mo2aAAMHR8sw+Wjp3+V7rmRvW+bquub/p1PXTyTt4GSAkcLRZrPna2HrIlkPxlu6x3qG7HPMKoAEcbTTjM6nYtbmugemmU9dFHjnWNfc3do62nrnRNTCdGP+Rp38AmsHRljE5+yQx/mPXwHRL91hj52iA0+08HY/PpNg6A0AcHO0U4zOptWRUnp3YtbnsF2TC1BjAZHA0AIC54GgAAHPB0QAA5oKjAQDMBUcDAJgLjgYAMBccDQBgLjgaAMBccDQAgLngaAAAc8HRAADmgqMBAMwFRwMAmAuOBgAwl5aWlprDhw+3AACAeRw+fPj/Ac1tNTTnjMARAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" 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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Cille Pheadair, site of an early church, had been part of
the tack of Baile an Lòin – Ballalone in the newspaper report above – since
1814. Remember that the Rev. Norman MacLeod, Free Church minister of North Uist, and possibly the writer of the report, was tenant of Cille
Pheadair at the time. This does not mean, of course, that any account of the
division of the seals of Hasgeir referring to Cille Pheadair necessarily dates
to before 1814: its portion would have kept the traditional reference,
particularly among the older generation.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Account 2</b>: an
anonymous item in transcription notebook CW112. The final mention of Griminis
is clearly an error for Scolpaig.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Bha
roin Haisgeir eir an rinn mar seo:– Bha tri rinnean coramach eir a dhianadh
dhiu an toiseach. Fhuair sgioba na sgoth rinn, agus Grimeinis rinn eile, agus
rinneadh seac[hd] rinnean eir an rinn eile. Chaidh tri dhiu seo a Ghriminnis.
Rinneadh a sin coig earanan co[th]ramach eir na ceithir earnan a dh-fhagadh
agus thugadh earan dhiu seo do Chill-a-Pheadair agus an ceithir earnan eile
agus an cea[th]ramh cuid do Ghriminnis.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>The Hasgeir seals were divided as
follows:– Firstly, three equal shares were made of them. The boat crew got one
share, and [the tacksman of] Griminis another share, and seven [additional]
shares were made of the other share. Three of these went to Griminis. Then the
four portions were divided out into five equal shares. One of them went to
Cille Pheadair, and the four other shares and the quarter part [sic] to
Griminis.</i> [CW112/19 fo.92<sup>r</sup>]</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Griminis: 71.4%; Scolpaig: 22.9%; Cille Pheadair: 5.7% (again passing over the boat crew's portion). </span></div>
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<img alt="" height="120" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="200" /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Account 3</b>: an
account in the same notebook, a transcription of a recording of Neill MacQuien
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">c</i>. 1794–1877), crofter and tailor,
Middlequarter, North Uist.</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Roin</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Odar
– Dh'orduich Odar dala leth roin Haisgeir dhan ait anns an robh a cheann a dol
agus an leth eile a roinn ann an oc[hd] peighinnean mar seo. Ceithir dhiu seo
ari[thi]st dha'n aite Griminnis far an robh a cheann dol tri do Scoilpeag agus
aon do Chill a pheadar – cuilein Pheadair. Bha na tri peighinnean aig Scoilpeig
eir-son a bhi lasadh an teine eir Beinn-Scolpaig airson comharradh cuain do
luc[hd]-buala[dh] na sgeire. Bhiodh cuid dha na roin ann an biodh 60 pint
eolain = (30 galls )</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>Seals</i></span></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>Odar – Odar ordered that half of the
Hasgeir seals were to go to the place where his head was, and the other half
to be divided in eight shares as follows: four again to the place where his
head was, Griminis, three to Scolpaig, and one to Cille Pheadair – St Peter’s Pup.
The three shares for Scolpaig were for lighting the fire on Beinn Scolpaig as a
steering point for the seal hunters. Some of the seals contained 60 pints of
eòlan </i>[<i>lamp oil</i>] = 30 gallons.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Note
– The late Dr. Macleod [Dr Alexander MacLeod (1788–1854)] – An Dotair Ban – who
lived at Baileanloin, N. Uist and two old men worked away for a whole day
digging for Odir's head at Griminnish where it is said to have been buried. So
circumstantial is the tradition related and so firmly belived in N. Uist
regarding this hero's capture and decapaitation and burial.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">From
Neill MacCuiein, Middlequarter, crofter and tailor N. Uist [CW112/27 fo.95<sup>v</sup>]</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Griminis: 75%; Scolpaig: 18.8%; Cille Pheadair: 6.2%.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span><img alt="" height="120" src="data:image/png;base64,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" 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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Account 4</b>: from
the same notebook, a transcription of an item recorded from ‘Do’ul Donnullach’
– Donald MacDonald, tailor, Cladach Chirceabost. MacDonald was born around
1791, so his age, given as 75, might suggest the original item was recorded in
the mid-1860s.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Roinn
nan Ron</span></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Bha
dala leth an roin aig Peighinn-mhor Ghriminnis. Bha sin da leth ga dhianadh eir
an leth eile. Bha sin leth eile aig Griminnis. Bhathas a sin a dianadh tri
peighinnean eir an leth a dh-fhagtadh. Bha da pheighinn diu sin aig Scolpaig
agus peighinn aig Cille-pheadair</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>The Division of the Seals</i></span></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>Half of the seals belonged to the
Peighinn Mhór of Griminis. Then the other half was divided in two. One half
belonged to Griminis again. Then they made three shares of the remaining half.
Two of these shares belonged to Scolpaig, and one to Cille Pheadair. </i>[CW112/42 fo.107<sup>v</sup>]</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Griminis: 75%; Scolpaig: 16.7%; Cille Pheadair: 8.3%. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span><img alt="" height="120" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="200" /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Only two of the accounts, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">IA</i></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2</b>, mention that the
crew of the boat were awarded a third of the seals killed as payment for the
arduous and even dangerous task they had just undertaken. Perhaps the other
reciters took this for granted. On the other hand, the fact that some of the
accounts mention the crew’s share, while other, possibly older, accounts don’t
refer to it at all, might possibly suggest that the participants in the hunt,
and the method of distribution afterwards, may have altered in the early nineteenth century, after the removal of the joint-tenants from </span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Baile an Lòin</span></span> in 1814, and the removal of the tenants who had previously lived on the Griminis tack, mostly to Taigh a' Ghearraidh and Hosta, twelve years later. Rather than being composed of local tenantry, maybe now the boat crew had to be hired in from other townships, and paid accordingly.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">What is clear is that, after the boat crew was paid, the
division of the remaining seals among local tacks was calculated according to
the number of <a href="https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/1842/6869/1/375593.pdf" target="_blank">pennylands</a> – a medieval unit of arable land assessment used
across much of the western seaboard. In fact, in this context it looks from
Acccounts <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">3 </b>and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">4 </b>(and also from Carmichael’s later essay on ‘Grazing and agrestic
customs of the Outer Hebrides’) as if the word <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">peighinn </i>was used interchangeably for ‘pennyland’ and ‘share’. Some
pennylands were more important than others: the holder of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Peighinn Mhór</i> or Great Pennyland at
Griminis, the reputed burial place of Odar’s head, was given a full half of the
seals taken from Hasgeir. According to Accounts <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">4</b>, and perhaps <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">IA</i></b>
too, the shares were divided up between Griminis (minus the <i>Peighinn</i> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mhór</i>)</span>, and Scolpaig in the ratio 3:2, with the old church site of Cille Pheadair allotted a single share</span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> – </span>although accounts <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">3</b> suggest that the
tacksman of Scolpaig could be awarded three or even four times that single share allotted
to Cille Pheadair.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The ratio of 3:2 between Griminis and Scolpaig (excluding the </span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Peighinn Mhór</i></span>) corresponds to their proportion of historic pennylands: thus in 1617 the lands of North Uist include </span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">the </span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">‘4 pennylands of Gremynis</span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">’ and </span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">the </span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">‘</span>2 pennylands of Scolpick</span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">’ [Cosmo Innes (ed.), <i>Origines Parochiales Scotiae</i>, ii, 1 (Edinburgh, 1854), <a href="https://archive.org/stream/originesparochia00bann#page/374/mode/2up" target="_blank">374–5</a>]; while in a bond of 1715 we have </span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">‘the 6 penny lands of Griminish and Scalpick’ </span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">[NRS
GD201/2/7]</span>. The four pennylands of Griminis consist of three ordinary pennylands, and the </span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">‘special case</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">’ of the </span></span></span>Peighinn Mhór. Account <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1</b> illustrates
how a rearrangement of land between the tacks of Griminis and Scolpaig had
resulted in a recalculation of the seal division too: quarter of the 3
divisions previously allotted to Griminis (6.25% of the spoils) was now reallocated
to Scolpaig.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Different accounts give different ways of dividing up the
seals between the farms, whether by 6 (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1</b>,
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">4</b>, and probably <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">IA</i></b>, though the aside
‘also the fifth’ is troubling), by 7 (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2</b>),
or by 8 (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">3</b>). At first glance this
appears incomprehensibly random, until we remember that the catch varied year
by year, and the basic unit – a dead seal lying on the shore – was by its
nature indivisible (though did seal pups count as fractions?). The mathematics of the seal hunt varied with the number of
seals (and seal pups) caught each year, and how best they could be divided. Each
seal hunt would require different sums at the end of it. So account <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1 </b>implies 48 seals or a multiple
thereof; the complex arrangement in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2</b>,
with the boat crew’s share included, would appear to imply a full 105 animals; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">3</b> implies 16 or a multiple thereof; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">4 </b>implies 12 or a multiple thereof. But
note that the catch described in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inverness
Advertiser</i> was a mere 12 seals. The method of division described would not
work in 1849.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Seal sharing was not an exact science. In years of hardship, after
a dangerous, exhausting, and adrenaline-fuelled escapade, a meagre spoil, and
the difficulty of dividing it out fairly, would exacerbate already existing tensions
between townships, between tenantry, and between tacksmen. The significance of the allocation (and perhaps the formality of the occasion) is testified by the fact that the details still lodged in the memories of Carmichael's informants, maybe years after they themselves had participated in the hunt. Some social historians are all too willing to make divisions themselves, sweeping generalisations separating traditional</span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span>societies from modern ones, the latter characterised by reliance on measurements and statistics alien to a </span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
‘pre-modern’, </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">‘pre-numerate’</span></span> world. The North Uist seal hunt serves as a miniature counter-example, reminding us of the fundamental importance of carefully calibrated calculations and assessments even at the level of individual townships in </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">‘traditional’ Gaelic </span></span>society.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Image</span></b><span style="font-size: x-small;">: Griminis, Scolpaig, Cille Pheadair: detail of Sheet 22, Sollas, of OS 'Popular' edition, 1932 [NLS map site]</span>.</span></div>
Carmichael Watson Projecthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10492290118329791088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8742071385032385155.post-60540935293040553352014-08-27T11:33:00.002+01:002014-08-27T22:44:16.818+01:00The North Uist Seal Hunt - Part 3<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyjBCf_0FFkx6oIMHEGEAoQSJvhyphenhyphenjs94cdegD5Mj_teR7uqkVRWT5H8DA6LyhaEw9G2Z_wkXv1Ui4Qr3vSQtfgn4R0egtgUPgbsM10C2RzrLiF7s-VONe2KM2YgOq50wB47vgKe2Nu5DA/s1600/Griminis+an-diugh.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyjBCf_0FFkx6oIMHEGEAoQSJvhyphenhyphenjs94cdegD5Mj_teR7uqkVRWT5H8DA6LyhaEw9G2Z_wkXv1Ui4Qr3vSQtfgn4R0egtgUPgbsM10C2RzrLiF7s-VONe2KM2YgOq50wB47vgKe2Nu5DA/s1600/Griminis+an-diugh.jpg" height="180" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Tracing folklore in print requires much more than simply
reading the ‘greats’ of the field such as John Francis Campbell and Alexander
Carmichael. The Victorian press is packed with articles in periodicals and
newspapers, and letters in correspondence columns, offering different and often
conflicting accounts of curious local tales and legends. Many of these
accounts, of course, would have found their way back into local oral tradition,
influencing and inflecting the yarns told, discussed, and argued over in local
céilidh houses – and, later, recounted to, and reprinted by, eager folklore
collectors! Now that these sources are being digitised and placed online (for a
price...), we can have a better understanding of the varied circulation of
folklore in print over and beyond the monumental ‘folklore doorstopper’
collections sanctified by later generations of ethnographers.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inverness
Advertiser</i>’s description of the seal hunt on Hasgeir, published on 18
December 1849, devotes nearly a third of the report to traditions about the
mysterious ‘Odder’:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">a
giant … very famous in the very remote era in which he flourished for mighty
deeds of valour and prowess which we in these pigmy days cannot contemplate but
with utter astonishment and veriest wonder.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The giant happened to be on Hasgeir, ‘perchance regaling
himself with its eggs and birds’: a reminder that the the rocky island was far
more useful as a food source to local communities than as a nursery of seals
alone. Wanting to reach North Uist, Odar made a gigantic leap to the rocky
shore of Griminis, where, as proof, the marks left by his heels are still to be
seen. Odar’s head was reputedly buried at Griminis: fascinatingly, the
interment was considered by later generations as giving the farmer of Griminis
entitlement to the lion’s share of the seals hunted at Hasgeir every autumn.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Here, shorn of unhelpful speculative etymologies, is a later
account by the antiquarian Erskine Beveridge, whose Vallay estate included the
tack of Griminis:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">[A]t
Griminish Point (not half a mile south of Caisteal Odair) are yet to be seen
the marks of Odr’s heels upon the spot where he landed after a leap of ten
miles from Heisker, taken for the purpose of defending his wife. … On the farm
of Griminish, a mile to the east of Caisteal Odair, is another site associated
with it under the name of <i>Ceann Odair</i>
or <i>Penmore</i> [<i>Peighinn Mhór</i>] … where, according to tradition, the giant’s head
was buried, this fact conferring upon the tenant of Griminish a right to club
seals upon the Haskeir rocks! The place-name is now applied to a field
immediately west of the farm-steading.</span></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">[Erskine
Beveridge, <i>North Uist</i> (Edinburgh:
William Brown, 1911), 196]</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">It is fascinating that the name of the site where Odar’s
head was buried was <i>A’ Pheighinn Mhór</i>, the Great Pennyland. Note that the
reason why Odar made the leap is glossed over in the newspaper account: there was
clearly another story, not fit for print, waiting to be told.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The most detailed account of Odar, ‘a great Scandinavian
robber sea king’, was taken down by Carmichael, apparently in English, from
Major James Andrew MacRae (1834–73) of the Inverness-shire Militia, ‘of Vàlley
(and Griminish)’. The major was the fifth son of the local Church of Scotland minister
the Rev. Finlay MacRae, whom we looked at in the last blog, and Isabella Maria
MacDonald (d. 1882), daughter of Colonel Alexander MacDonald of Lynedale and
Balranald, and so sister of James Thomas MacDonald (d. 1855), Seumas Ruadh,
factor of North Uist, after whom he was probably named. He had succeeded his
father to the tack of Bhàlaigh and Griminis.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The
reason why the greater portion of the seals of Haisgeir went to Valley was this
– Odar was a great Scandinavian robber sea king – a Viking – who ravaged the coasts
of these Western Isles after the expulsion of the Norsemen and the crowning of
Macdonald as Lord of the Isles. The King of the Isles announced that he would give
a fitting reward to any man who would bring him Odar's head dead or alive. All
were eager to distinguish themselves in capturing the great robber King. ‘Ga
luath an sionnach beirear uairigin eir’ [<i>‘Although
the fox is quick, sometimes he’s caught’</i>] Odar was captured at last at a
point of land at Griminnish called ‘Caisteal Odair.’ This was done by MacUistean
Ghriminish a near relation of Māg Onuil Lord of the Isles.</span></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> Macuistean carried Odan's head to his chief.
In return for this signal service in getting rid of this ocean pest – this <i>biast mhor a chuain</i> [<i>great beast of the sea</i>] – the Lord of
the Isles granted to MacUistean and to his posterity the seals of Haisgeir.
Seals then were prized equally for food and oil
– (Bu mhath am biadh feamanaich aran seagail agus sail roin [<i>Good food for the seaweed worker is rye
bread and seal fat</i>]).</span></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> Odar's head was buried at a spot known as Earann
Mholach [<i>‘the rough portion’</i>], Peighinn
Mhor, Griminnish. [CW112/28 fos.96<sup>r–v</sup>]</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Major MacRae's tale is remarkably close to a transcription of an earlier Gaelic narrative, possibly recorde<span style="font-size: small;">d from an unnamed 'old man' in Scolpaig in 1865 [<a href="http://www.carmichaelwatson.lib.ed.ac.uk/cwatson/en/fulltexttranscription/4716/0" target="_blank">CW112/120</a></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> fos.92<sup>r–v</sup>].</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The above accounts supply an explanation for the note made
by Alexander Carmichael, probably from Archibald MacDonald, Baile Locha, on 15 November
1873, ‘Odar nan ron ceann an fhir mhoir a bha ’n Grim[inis]h’ [‘Odar of the
seals, the head of the big man who was in Griminis’] [CW111/18 fo.5<sup>v</sup>].
Previously, the reciter had explained:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">½
the seal[s] went to Peighinn mhor G[h]rim[inis] [<i>the Great Pennyland of Griminis</i>] 4 Pennies [<i>i.e. four pennylands were in</i>] Griminis besides Pei[ghi]nn m[h]or 2
pennies in Scolp[aig] 1 pen[nyland] in Kilphead[air]</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">and had added the peculiar aside that:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">I
for I Chal[uim] chille Kill i phead[air] Grim-i-nis Scolp i-aig – all belong to
I Chaluim [Chille] [CW111/17 fo.5<sup>v</sup>]</span></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Alexander Carmichael himself seems not to have understood
his notes when he wrote the piece into a transcription notebook nearly two
years later, on 8 October 1875 [CW112/36 fo.100<sup>v</sup>]. What the reciter appears
to be claiming is that the ‘i’ sound in the local farm names is derived from Ì
Chaluim Chille, Iona, and is evidence that the land originally belonged to Iona
Abbey. What’s important here, and in Major James MacRae’s account given above,
is of course nothing to do with how historically accurate these tales might be, but rather
that traditionally the farms and their profits were felt not to pertain entirely
to the clan chief. The spoils of the annual seal hunt at Hasgeir certainly went
straight to the local tacksmen, though of course the estate creamed off some of
the proceeds through extracting higher rents.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Image</span></b><span style="font-size: x-small;">: Griminis today: Richard Webb, geograph.co.uk</span> </span></div>
Carmichael Watson Projecthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10492290118329791088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8742071385032385155.post-17759856413261107482014-08-26T23:48:00.004+01:002014-08-27T11:49:14.732+01:00The North Uist Seal Hunt - Part 2<br />
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNLOU6xREebrDAvNUNeJdbnAQ9zlg1wjj9LlYktqmV8Smd_Fz03gJHMbpxsX6nchskAWo6xqWN2AnBO0ODOqvonDzYzfI4FiZ0gYnbEzupX9JE0W4rl7WjJl1nzMcW_75WB4u0YddNq48/s1600/Eaglais+Chille+Mhuire.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNLOU6xREebrDAvNUNeJdbnAQ9zlg1wjj9LlYktqmV8Smd_Fz03gJHMbpxsX6nchskAWo6xqWN2AnBO0ODOqvonDzYzfI4FiZ0gYnbEzupX9JE0W4rl7WjJl1nzMcW_75WB4u0YddNq48/s1600/Eaglais+Chille+Mhuire.jpg" height="257" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inverness
Advertiser</i> was founded in June 1849 as a weekly newspaper representing
crofter and Free Church interests, a radical alternative to the long-established,
and establishment supporting, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inverness Courier</i>.
In its first few months, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Advertiser </i>needed
a cause to champion. The violent evictions carried out by Sheriff-Substitute
and his officers, accompanied by police from Inverness, on behalf of the
Macdonald estates against the people of Sollas in North Uist had made newspaper
headlines throughout Britain, and the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Advertiser</i>
reported them in detail. Towards the end of August the editor despatched as a
special reporter the controversial and volatile Anglo-Irish campaigning writer
Thomas Mulock (1789–1869), shortly to become its editor, in order to interview
the people of Sollas and, in a series of letters, to communicate their
grievances to the wider world.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Advertiser</i> also had
a local correspondent on North Uist, who not only wrote about the Sollas
evictions, but compiled for the 6 November issue a wonderfully mordant account
of the chaotic end to the celebrations arranged by the local gentry at a ball
held in Macaulay’s Inn, Taigh a’ Ghearraidh, to mark the birth of Somerled
(1849–74), the new heir to the Macdonald estate: ‘Not a few telling blows were
exchanged to the effusion of blood…’ We might print it in a future blog.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">It is tempting to identify the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Advertiser</i>’s correspondent as the local Free Church minister, the
Rev. Norman MacLeod (1801–81). Having been ‘[d]riven from post to pillar’
[CW133A fo.86] after leaving the Established Church at the Disruption of 1843, he
was living at Cille Pheadair, by then incorporated into Baile an Lòin between
Taigh a’ Ghearraidh and Griminis. This tack was farmed by his father-in-law, Dr
Alexander MacLeod (1788–1854), well-known in Uist tradition as the land improver
an Dotair Bàn. At Cille Pheadair the Rev. MacLeod ‘built a pretty house there with bow
windows in the roof.’ In his manuscript history of North Uist, the Rev. Angus
MacDonald of Killearnan (1860–1932) voices, as so often, a rather sardonic
opinion:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The
poor man struggled on all his life amid many difficulties which he seemed never
to overcome. Always in financial straits he suffered great privations.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> Mr Norman was not a popular preacher, not
possessing the gift, much valued in his time, of declamation. He could never
get up steam. He was, what the folks often called him, ‘sgagach’ [<i>cracked, split</i>]. [CW133B fos.183<sup>v</sup>,
183<sup>v</sup>–184]</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">It is probable that it was the Rev. Norman MacLeod who composed the account of the
seal-hunting expedition that appeared in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inverness Advertiser</i> of 18 December.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The North Uist seal hunt was not simply a colourful local
peculiarity. Note how precisely the shares of the hunt were allotted: we’ll
return to this point later on this week. North Uist estate accounts testify to
how significant seal oil was to the local economy on the west of the island, a lucrative
commodity sold far and wide not only for lamps but as a valuable medicine and
embrocation for man and beast. According to the report in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inverness Advertiser</i>, the seal hunt of
1849 was a difficult one: much later in the year than usual, and attended by
little success. Bad weather was clearly a factor in delaying the expedition,
although the upheavals earlier in the year in Sollas might also have hindered
its taking place. But one wonders also if a lack of tenantry assisting with the
hunt might have been the cause of so many seals ‘effecting their escape’. Was
it the case that disaffected tenants were unwilling to lend a hand? </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The tacksman of Griminis at the time, the man who would have
got the lion’s share of the profit from the seal hunt, was none other than the
Established Church of Scotland minister of North Uist, the Rev. Finlay MacRae
(1792–1858), originally from Lochcarron. In 1829 MacRae had acquired the recently cleared tack of Griminis
to go with the island of Bhàlaigh, given him in lieu of a glebe. Six years
before the expedition described above, at the time of the Disruption of 1843, much
of MacRae's congregation outwith the immediate environs of his church at Cille
Mhuire near Baile Raghnaill had deserted him, much to his chagrin, for the breakaway Free
Church.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The Rev. Angus MacDonald had little good to say about the
Rev. Finlay MacRae:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">As
a matter of fact Mr Finlay devoted most of his time to his farm and secular
duties generally, neglecting as he was bound to do his duties as a minister. He
by no means lacked ability, and his preaching when he chose to exert himself
was above par, but he was vain glorious and would fain be the big man of the
parish in all secular matters. He became more and more worldly and drank whisky
to excess. All men considered him very imperfectly sanctified. In the day of
the Church’s trial this was not the kind of man to represent her, or defend
her, and accordingly Mr Norman Macleod who was by no means too aggressive had
it all his own way. [CW133B fos.176<sup>r–v</sup>]</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The standing of the Rev. Finlay MacRae in the island did not flourish during the time of the
Sollas evictions. A report in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inverness Advertiser</i>
of 21 August 1849 states that as soon as the minister heard that the
sheriff-officers and police were on their way to eject the tenants, he made a
panicky midnight ride to the villages concerned, roused the people from their
sleep, and forcefully demanded that they remain peaceful. If they resisted,
they would be carried by the police, ‘bound in fetters, to the jail of
Inverness’. The correspondent continues: ‘[h]is conduct on the succeeding days
was flippant and officious in the extreme.’ An island song composed after the Sollas evictions suggests
how Maighstir Fionnlagh’s reputation was by now bound up with the estate
authorities:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Mo
mhallachd dhan t-Siorram</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">’S
dhan Chilleadair Ruadh,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Cùbair
is Fionnlagh,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">’S
iad suarach dhan t-sluagh.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>My curse on the Sheriff</i></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>And on the Red-haired Trustee,</i></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>Cooper and Finlay,</i></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>Contemptuous of the people.</i></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i> </i>[[Rev. Dr Roderick MacLeod], <i>Kilmuir Church, North Uist, 1894</i><i>–1994</i> (Inverness, 1994), 11–12]</span></span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The ‘Red-haired Trustee’ is James MacDonald of Balranald (d.
1855), Seumas Ruadh, the Factor of North Uist; ‘Cooper’ is Patrick Cooper,
Commissioner to the Macdonald Estates.</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"></span>The Rev. Finlay MacRae was best known for giving rise to the phrase ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">searmon beag na tràghad</i>’, ‘the little
sermon of the beach’, referring to the short sermons he would dash off before his
congregation when he was in a hurry to return home to the island
of Bhàlaigh before the tide covered the ford. The Rev. MacRae’s reputation
is no better respected in the community memory of North Uist as recorded from
<a href="http://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/fullrecord/66277/1" target="_blank">John MacIsaac</a>, Iain an Rubha, Taigh a’ Ghearraidh; <a href="http://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/fullrecord/41957/1" target="_blank">Angus MacKenzie</a> (1897–1984),
Aonghas mac Anndra, Hogha Gearraidh (<a href="http://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/fullrecord/50804/1" target="_blank">twice</a>), and <a href="http://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/fullrecord/66144/1" target="_blank">William Boyd</a> (1912–66),
Uilleam a’ Bhoidich, Sollas. See also a note by Alexander Carmichael in
<a href="http://www.carmichaelwatson.lib.ed.ac.uk/cwatson/en/catalogueentry/4917" target="_blank">CW116/104</a> fo.32<sup>v</sup>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">In passing, the mention of ‘Britannia bridges’ alludes to
Robert Stephenson’s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britannia_Bridge" target="_blank">extraordinary tubular wrought-iron railway bridge</a> then
being built over the Menai Strait: the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inverness
Advertiser</i> of the previous week, 11 Dec 1849, had carried a brief report
detailing ‘the successful floating of the second great tube of the Britannia
Bridge’. ‘Mr Macdonald of Scalpeg’ who headed the party is John MacDonald of
Scolpaig, later of Newton (1824–88), the popular factor of North Uist from 1855
until his death, who would be the best friend of Alexander Carmichael and his
family during the years they spent in the islands.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Image</span></b><span style="font-size: x-small;">: The old church of Cille Mhuire, North Uist, built 1764 (RCAHMS).</span></span></div>
Carmichael Watson Projecthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10492290118329791088noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8742071385032385155.post-57048325957405618212014-08-25T20:19:00.000+01:002014-08-25T20:21:30.780+01:00The North Uist Seal Hunt - Part 1<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyLinsOqrYM_L41HIUj_9TYfEA0g5_D8TBFFxWYn0qnoA2ZqPsnFJr6BOMc469T57yRRTH2UBDQN6Nsa4JjdDj977oKEChhapB8pnZg7i-L1tI9Xhf22sdaReYPoK0EFxYHueEnV7j86k/s1600/Caisteal+Odair.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyLinsOqrYM_L41HIUj_9TYfEA0g5_D8TBFFxWYn0qnoA2ZqPsnFJr6BOMc469T57yRRTH2UBDQN6Nsa4JjdDj977oKEChhapB8pnZg7i-L1tI9Xhf22sdaReYPoK0EFxYHueEnV7j86k/s1600/Caisteal+Odair.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">To mark a return to
blogging after a rather hectic but enjoyable summer during which we gave talks across
the Highlands, from Colonsay to Uist to Mackay Country, we thought that we should try to
write a series of blogs, one a day, for the rest of the week, based on a single
subject. Yes, we’ve written about seal hunting in the Hebrides here a few times
already, but we think that it’s such a fascinating topic that there might just
be room for one more shot at it. We’ll put the ‘Teine Mór’ on hold for another
week, but will return to it yet…</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<em></em><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">With the near total collapse of the once hugely profitable
kelp industry, by the mid-1840s most estates on the west coast of the Highlands
were already in parlous financial straits. The potato famine that ravaged the
country in the second half of that decade threatened to push many into outright
bankruptcy. In June 1847 the Macdonald of Sleat estate, consisting of Sleat and
Trotternish in Skye, and the island of North Uist in the Outer Hebrides, placed
an advertisement in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Caledonian
Mercury</i> to see if there were any additional claims on these lands, with a
view to selling ‘certain parts and portions thereof’. In summer the following
year a public roup was advertised, firstly in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inverness Courier</i> of 25 July, then widely throughout the country. The
districts of Trotternish and North Uist (the latter ‘at the very low sum of
£61,000 sterling, without putting any value on the game, fishings, or kelp’) were
to be sold to the highest bidder at an auction on 8 November 1848. Not a single
offer was received. North Uist was the only island in the Outer Hebrides that still
remained in the hands of its ancestral owners.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">In a desperate attempt to make the island attractive to
potential buyers, the Macdonald estate made preparations to evict tenants from
the fertile machair ground in the north and convert the crofting townships into
more profitable sheep grazings. The clearances carried out from mid-July 1849,
accompanied by resistance, riots, and arrests, made lurid headlines throughout Britain.
Journalists and correspondents argued the case in newspaper reports and
pamphlets. As a result of the notorious Sollas Evictions, North Uist was in the
news.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">This is the background to a couple of ‘local colour’ items concerning
seals and seal hunting that appeared in the Inverness press a few months afer
the riots. Over the next few days, we’ll reprint them and add a few comments. Here’s
the first one, as printed in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inverness
Advertiser</i> of 18 December 1849. We’ve divided it into paragraphs for
legibility:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="font-variant: small-caps;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Seal Capturing in the North. – E</span>very
autumn parties from the western shores of North Uist make one or two trips to
the rocks of Hashgir, for the purpose of securing seals, which are in the
constant habit of frequenting these rocks in great numbers. The two groups of
rocks lie nearly parallel, at a distance of a few miles from each other, and
form rather imposing objects, viewed from the mainland of Uist. They rise precipitously
to the height of some two hundred feet out of the Atlantic, and are irregular
and rugged: but they are accessible to the sportsman at several places,
especially the more northerly group, which may be about half a mile in length,
and about a quarter of a mile in breadth at one extremity. On this area there
is a species of soft foggy soil, which in summer, grows tufts of herbage and
wild flowering plants; and there thousands of eider ducks lay their eggs and
hatch their callow brood. Among the crags all kind of sea-fowl congregate in
the season, for the same purpose. Although distant nearly sixteen miles from
the mainland of Uist, parties often visit Hashgir for eggs and birds, and
return with much plunder.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Hashgir
can only be visited in calm weather, for the same seas which beat the shores of
St Kilda, distant due west about forty miles, lash the rocks of Hashgir, and
sweep through two tunnelled caverns with a fearful noise, when the wind is from
the west. A few years ago, some hapless adventurers were detained by stress of
weather for three days, to their no small discomfort, and causing the most
painful anxiety to their friends on shore.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">There
is more than one tradition connected with Hashgir, and most thoroughly believed
in of course, and handed down from sire to son in all respect. One of these is
that Odder was a giant, and was very famous in the very remote era in which he
flourished for mighty deeds of valour and prowess which we in these pigmy days
cannot contemplate but with utter astonishment and veriest wonder. Well, Odder
had been at Hashgir, perchance regaling himself with its eggs and birds, and he
became desirous to reach the mainland of Uist. There were no Britannia bridges
in those days; but he speedily effected his purpose, for with one bound of his
gigantic frame he leapt the short distance of some sixteen miles, and found his
feet safely planted on the rocky shores on the farm of Gremnish, now one of the
holdings of the Rev. Mr Macrae. The indentations of his iron shod heels are yet
pointed out by the Celts, old and young, to all lovers of the marvellous, who
may be in search of aught that is antique and curious in North Uist. These
foot-prints have now, by the chafing of the billows, assumed the form of two
open caves known by the name even now of ‘Odder’s caves.’</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Fabulous
all this may be, but the consequences are no fable, for benefits have, ever
since the days of Odder, accrued to the tenant of Gremnish. The giant’s head,
if not all his bones, found a resting place on the shores on which he alighted
on his leap from Hashgir; and so it is, and has long been the usage, that the
lucky tenant of the farm enjoys privileges and benefits not at all to be
despised. He lays claim to, and actually receives a goodly share of all the
seals captured on Hashgir. The claim is without the least question yielded to,
although no right exists in the person of the lord of the manor or his tenants.
There is no reference to a right of seals captured on Hashgir in Lord
Macdonald’s titles. The spoil is divided, – one-third to the men and boat; then
the tenant of Gremnish takes half of the remainder, the half of the next
remainder and also the fifth; after this what are left are divided thus, – the
tenant of Scalpeg gets two-thirds, and the tenant of Ballalone one-third. These
two farms are contiguous to that of Gremnish, and the laird’s factor who lived
on Gremnish, it is said, out of neighbourly feeling, gave these small moities
to supply his friends with lamp-oil in the long winter nights.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Had
dependence been placed on a supply this year, great would have been the
disappointment, for the only party which went a seal hunting were unfortunate.
The boisterous weather prevented a visit to Hashgir at the proper season, and
until a day last week, when the sun shone with a brightness, not very common in
these latitudes in December, and when the sea was only moved by a gentle
ripple. Mr Macdonald of Scalpeg headed the party. There were multitudes of
seals, but most of them effected their escape; and the party captured only some
dozen of well sized cubs. Mr Macdonald had dexterously knocked down two very
large old seals, but they had revived, and rolled over into the sea. No
accident of any consequence occurred to the adventurers in their scramble
unshod over the rugged rocks.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Next time round we’ll investigate the background to the
article: what was the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inverness
Advertiser</i> anyway, and what was it doing printing articles about North Uist?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>Bibliography</strong>:</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><em>Inverness Advertiser</em>, 18 December 1849, 5.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>Image</strong>:</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;">Caisteal Odair, Odar's Castle, Griminis, North Uist: Gordon Hatton at geograph.org.uk</span>Carmichael Watson Projecthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10492290118329791088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8742071385032385155.post-83976380452373599002014-06-22T21:55:00.001+01:002014-06-22T21:57:15.911+01:00A Mysterious Light on Hasgeir: The Teine Mór or Big Fire - Part 2<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOr6A9Mysuw0kTBuDF9Lv2Avu44yJKJ4bJPuiqHuGavkSU6PkP7GjDQrVr8Qv3tGjDNXJYnRMjw7edGC3zU1VYxHW1lvtplzOB6HFTyY12bN9hFqt9Ya0UzP5dA0LZHlk6DoNnqlOVLMw/s1600/Hasgeir.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOr6A9Mysuw0kTBuDF9Lv2Avu44yJKJ4bJPuiqHuGavkSU6PkP7GjDQrVr8Qv3tGjDNXJYnRMjw7edGC3zU1VYxHW1lvtplzOB6HFTyY12bN9hFqt9Ya0UzP5dA0LZHlk6DoNnqlOVLMw/s1600/Hasgeir.jpg" height="179" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">We’ve promised you another article about the ‘mysterious
light’ seen on the rocky islet of Hasgeir off North Uist in October 1867. Here
it is, as printed in the <i>Inverness
Courier</i>, 14 November 1867, on the page directly following the article printed in our
last blog. As you can see, it’s quite a length, but we think that, despite the generously
upholstered Victorian prose style, it’s so fascinating, taking in everything
from gory and, for us today, rather upsetting details concerning local seal-hunting to the intriguing <i>teine mór</i> or big fire, that it’s worth
quoting in full.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-variant: small-caps;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">The Mysterious Light at Hasker –<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-variant: small-caps;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">A Legend Revived.<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-variant: small-caps;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">We have mentioned elsewhere in a paragraph from North Uist
that a wreck was supposed to have taken place on the rocky island of Hasker, as
a light was seen on one of the headlands. A correspondent refers at greater
length to the subject in the following communication: – <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"> ‘<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">North Uist, </span>Oct. 26, 1867. – The weather
must have been bad enough at Nether-Lochaber last fortnight when it suggested
to your correspondent in that quarter the woeful picture of Lear and his
slender retinue on that fearful night, which ‘pitied neither wise men nor
fools,’ when his unnatural daughter turned him away from her door. Here, also,
the rains and storms have been foul and furious. Had we never heard of Old
Lear, the elements are often fierce enough to draw largely on our fears and
sympathies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"> ‘In a former
communication I had occasion to mention that on our western shores the water is
shallow and dotted over with rocks and shoals. A reference to a chart of these
parts, however, will show that the coast of North Uist presents a more
formidable array of rocks and rocky islands than any other point of the whole
Long Island.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">First, there is Monach Island, where a lighthouse has been lately
erected, and which has been the scene of many a painful spectacle – where many
a noble ship and gallant sailor finished their career for ever. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;">Then, there is
St Kilda, which, though standing thirty-five miles out to sea, may still be
considered merely as a spur or continuation of the inner rocks; and nearly in a
line with St Kilda, and some twelve miles from land, there is another huge
rock, or rather a range of rocks, rising sheer up from a great depth to a
height of upwards of two hundred feet above the watermark, and forming, as it
were, a rampart or outpost for the protection of the throng of low-lying rocks
in its rear, and which in its presence hide their diminished heads.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;">This rock,
which is called Hasker, is irregular in shape: three sides present an unbroken
line of steep precipitous cliffs, which utterly defy any attempt to scale them
even in the finest weather. On one side, however, there is a ledge, where
landing can be effected under favourable circumstances. Hasker is the resort of
innumerable seals and sea-birds.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;">Thither, till of late years, the natives of
this island have been in the habit of repairing occasionally to shoot, and, apart
from its profitable aspect, this was considered a bit of adventure, and a good
deal of preparation, excitement, and rivalry where displayed on such occasions.
As a rule, the best boats, the fairest weather, and the stoutest men in nerve
and limb were selected. They usually arrived at the rock about midnight, and
having gone through some preliminary arrangemen</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">ts, </span><i style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">inter alia</i><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">, that of substituting for their boots several pairs of
stockings to protect their feet from the mussels, with whi</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;">ch every stone is incrusted,
they commenced their march noiselessly, in perfect order, and armed with huge
clubs, in quest of their intended victims.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;">About half-way up the rock is a
broad, shallow pool, which, under the friendly shelter of tall, overhanging
cliffs, and surrounded with smooth ledges, might well have figured in Homer as
a favourite resort of Nereids, but which more probably has served the seals as
sleeping berths for countless ages. To this spot the storming party bend their
steps. The poor unsuspecting seals, roused by this unexpected intrusion, only
succeed in getting into the grandest confusion in their frantic efforts to find
their way to the sea.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;">Finding themselves hemmed in on all sides, the instinct
of self-preservation inspires them in many instances with sufficient courage to
face their assailants. Meanwhile, the wholesale slaughter goes on mercilessly,
and, according to all accounts, it requires a firm footing, a steady nerve, and
considerable dexterity in wielding the club to hit the grinning monster at the
right moment and on the most vulnerable point. But I digress; I will now turn
to the weather once more.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"> ‘One night last
week some keen-sighted persons observed a light at Hasker, as they thought, and
next day, with the help of a spying-glass, sure enough three or four men were
seen stalking about on the loftiest ridge of the rock. The report spread with
electric speed and produced the greatest sensation throughout the country. Many
were the manifestations of sympathy and the expressions of anxiety lest the
poor castaways should succumb to want and exposure before they could be
rescued. But, to support hope, like Whang the miller’s dream, the light was
seen again in the same spot for several consecutive nights, though there were,
indeed, a few obstinate persons who, from some defect or other in their visual
faculties, could not manage to see it at all.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">The westerly gales which had
continued to blow all this time with provoking pertinacity at last calmed down,
when several boats set out, amply provided with food and clothing, for the
forlorn outcasts. After struggling long and bravely with the Atlantic billows,
the party at length arrived at their destination; but what was their
disappointment and surprise at discovering no trace of human beings. The question,
of course, naturally arose – how to account for the light! Some gently hinted
that possibly there was no light, or, if there was, that it may have been more
imaginary than real. Others, not much disposed to be sceptical in such a plain
case, scouted this heresy, and accounted for it on more reasonable grounds. But
the true solution was reserved to a conclave of wise matrons, who declared in
the most decided terms that it was the <i>Teine
mòr</i> – big fire – and nothing else.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"> ‘The history of
this singular phenomenon is curious, and as it does not exactly partake of the
same character with the other legends and traditional lore of this part of the
country, inasmuch as its first appearance, which was connected with a
mysterious and rather extraordinary occurrence, is of comparatively recent
date, perhaps it may not be much out of place to give a brief account of it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">A
narrow strip of land immediately bordering on the west sea-coast consists
entirely of sand-banks which abound in madder root. This root was largely used
by our great-grandmothers as a dye stuff; but as the holes and burrows formed
in digging for it helped materially to perpetuate the non-cultivation of the
land, it was in due season prohibited under heavy penalties. As might be
expected, the more refractory of these worthy dames did not submit to this
curtailment of their liberty with a good grace; but as they could get madder
root no more by fair means, they did not scruple to take it under the friendly
shades of night.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">It was in the island of Benbecula, some fifty years ago, one
Sunday night, that a young woman went to dig this root, despite the warm
remonstrances of her mother, who, the story says, cursed her daughter as being
always a perverse stubborn creature. This young woman was never seen again. A
few traces of her, however, were discovered, such as some loose articles of
clothing and stray bits of the roots she had been digging, which were found,
not in one place, but marking out a line, in the direction of the sea-beach.
Not the faintest footprints could be seen along this track, but scratches were
observed in the sand, as if a person were dragged along rapidly, and at the
same time held aloft, but not so high but that his toes at intervals came in
contact with the surface.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">It was on the night following this tragic occurrence
that the <i>Teine mòr</i>, or, as it was
styled in English, Spunkie, put in its first appearance. The mystery was now
cleared up to the satisfaction of all sensible persons. It was evident that the
adversary of mankind had danced away with the ill-fated woman, and that her
spirit was condemned to wander, in this shape visible to mortal eyes, around
the scenes of her former misdoings, both as a punishment to herself and a
warning to all young women to abstain in future from madder root digging on
Sunday nights, and from incurring the curses of their mothers. No wonder, then,
that this phenomenon should at all times inspire an uncommon amount of
superstitious awe and terror.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">At first it confined itself for several years to
Benbecula, roving about dark lakes, marshes, and arms of the sea, a fit
representative of the disconsolate shades wandering on the slimy banks of the
Styx, vainly craving a passage of grim old Charon till the term of their
penance had expired. Gaining courage by experience, it subsequently extended
its peregrination to the neighbouring islands, and many and various are the
stories told of its antics. It often indulged in a mischievous trick of
waylaying the wayfarer in the most lonely and out-of-the-way places, such as
crossing fords and moors. Of late years, however, it has begun to lose credit
and a goodly share of its former terror, on discovering which it made several
excursions across the Minch: and the last that was seen of it has been already
recorded, when it was enlightening the scarts [<i>cormorants</i>] and seals on the wild rock of Hasker!’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The story of <a href="https://archive.org/stream/miscellaneouswor03gold#page/284/mode/2up" target="_blank">Whang the Miller</a>, from Oliver Goldsmith’s <i>The Citizen of the World</i>, remained a
stalwart of the school curriculum through the Victorian era and beyond.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As many readers will know, <i>spunkie</i> is a widespread dialectal
word for the Will o’ the Wisp. In the next blog we’ll present some other
accounts of the <i>teine mór</i>: how it
first came into this world, what it looked like, where it was seen, and the
people it haunted.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Bibliography</b>:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Inverness Courier</i>,
14 November 1867, p. 5 [with extra paragraph breaks added for legibility's sake]</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Image</b>:</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Hasgeir from a helicopter (Denise van den Brun)</span></span></div>
Carmichael Watson Projecthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10492290118329791088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8742071385032385155.post-90520727490934081352014-05-29T13:00:00.000+01:002014-05-29T13:28:39.716+01:00A Mysterious Light on Hasgeir: The Teine Mór or Big Fire - Part 1<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrF4p3LMXz8ojemQvaorBnKt9xo2lRi0-hmiwtLrpvPXaHS40JlNmp4jyAJ4ruwiKA6TNItdxJxeTEqH5KWkSPVJF5Fr0s5qf6u37PF0g7eqW4rW_8mWM4I8urleg0YKB0z-0ICux1rC4/s1600/Eilean+Hasgeir.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrF4p3LMXz8ojemQvaorBnKt9xo2lRi0-hmiwtLrpvPXaHS40JlNmp4jyAJ4ruwiKA6TNItdxJxeTEqH5KWkSPVJF5Fr0s5qf6u37PF0g7eqW4rW_8mWM4I8urleg0YKB0z-0ICux1rC4/s1600/Eilean+Hasgeir.jpg" height="151" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Following on from our last newspaper column blog, we’re
going to print two very different pieces from the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inverness Courier</i>, about the same strange phenomenon: a mysterious
light seen on the rocky islet of Hasgeir, eight miles into the Atlantic off the
west coast of North Uist. We then hope to print a few accounts of the
intriguing <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">teine mór</i>: if you don’t
know the story of the ‘big fire’ yet, we can promise that it’ll be worth
the wait!</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Although the event the articles describe apparently took place some
time in October 1867, both of them were printed in the same edition of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Courier</i>, on 14 November. The first one –
the more straightforward account – was reprinted in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dundee Advertiser</i> two days later, while the second was partially
copied by the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Elgin Courier </i>the next
day. To begin with, here’s the first article as it appeared on page 5:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">North Uist. – A Mysterious
Light. – A </span>light having been seen for several successive nights on the
rocks of Hasker, the general opinion prevailing was that a ship’s crew had been
cast away there and had lost their boat. The circumstance of a number of fresh
deals [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">planks of fir or pine</i>] being
washed ashore on the beach opposite to those rocks increased the current belief
to such a degree that a boat should be sent to rescue any lives that might be
there. Alexander Mann, and five other fishermen, volunteered to make the
attempt. They started from the Bay of Hoglan [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bàgh Hogha Glan, beside Taigh a’ Ghearraidh</i>], and succeeded in
landing on the rock. These rocks are difficult of access even in summer, but no
trace of any landing on the rocks or of any people having been there lately,
was found. Whether the light was an unusual star, or the reflection from the
lighthouse on the rocks in Hasker, is not known. The Rev. John. A. Macrae,
minister of North Uist; Dr Macdonald, J.P.; and Capt. Macrae, J.P.; have recommended,
by a memorial to the Board of Trade, that these hardy fishermen should be rewarded
for the risk of their voluntary efforts in proceeding to the rocks, as the
service occupied several days, and was performed at great risk. Mr K. Groom of
Stornoway, receiver of wrecks for the Long Island, has forwarded the memorial
to the proper quarter, after strongly recommending that the prayer of the
memorial may be granted.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">The boat crew were given a reward for the dangers they underwent: five pounds, ‘to be
divided amongst them’, out of the Mercantile Marine Fund. Local genealogists
might be interested in their names: according to information in the <a href="http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/255870/details/unknown+hyskier+rocks+monach+islands+atlantic/" target="_blank">RCAHMS Canmore site</a>, as
well as Alexander Mann there were Roderick Macaulay, A. McLellan, L. McLellan,
J. McDouglas, and A. McIsaac. We would be very interested to hear more about
them.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">In our next blog, we’ll print the second, much longer article that appeared
in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inverness Courier</i>. Although it
deals with the same event, it’s rather more colourful...</span></div>
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>Bibliography</strong>:</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><em>Inverness Courier</em>, 14 November 1867, 5.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>Image</strong>:</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Hasgeir eight miles off Rubha Ghriminis [by Sean Morley, <a href="http://www.riverandocean.com/">www.riverandocean.com</a>]</span>Carmichael Watson Projecthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10492290118329791088noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8742071385032385155.post-16270111664082891512014-05-22T11:53:00.003+01:002014-05-22T12:04:05.676+01:00Highland Newspapers online - and an obituary of Father James MacGregor<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUz1rZkjRdQnY2eEnjZDyRTMpCM6f3r4zytpgcl-xwpvtCfLJv_ZdrIgwPTQp5E5zzs10dkKEHu0RRpF9y_Ken3kHZeG7-etykf5myH6PSsF7z48xbmUrK5D7M1IuoMCiTnXsqPeRSsIs/s1600/Aird-Choinnich.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUz1rZkjRdQnY2eEnjZDyRTMpCM6f3r4zytpgcl-xwpvtCfLJv_ZdrIgwPTQp5E5zzs10dkKEHu0RRpF9y_Ken3kHZeG7-etykf5myH6PSsF7z48xbmUrK5D7M1IuoMCiTnXsqPeRSsIs/s1600/Aird-Choinnich.bmp" height="193" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">It’s been a long time coming, but a new age is slowly
dawning for Highland history. At long last, Highland newspapers are being
digitised and put online – for a price! So far, the <a href="http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/" target="_blank">British Newspaper Archive</a> has
made available a complete run of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inverness
Courier</i> up until the end of the 1860s, and just a single year, 1879, of the
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Oban Times</i>. When all newspapers from
the Highlands (and further afield) are finally digitised and accessible on
computer, it will revolutionise our understanding of the history of the region,
allowing us to search and browse not only the news being reported in their
pages, but also all the fascinating columns, letters, lore, poetry, song, and advertisements
they contain: all this without having to travel to libraries and wade through fiddly,
noisy, eye-aching reels of microfilm.</span><br />
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">There are, of course, problems. Firstly, Optical Character
Recognition is still not good enough to allow accurate and comprehensive searches
of what we’re looking for: over and over again coarse, irregular newspaper
fonts and smudged ink (to say nothing of curled page edges or poor digitised
images!) play havoc with our investigations. We can never be sure that we haven’t
missed that crucial piece of evidence: in the end, hit-and-miss searches are
still no substitute for comprehensive, methodical, page-by-page trawls. When it
comes to searching for Gaelic words, of course, these problems multiply exponentially
– though, as the language has historically used Roman letters, Scottish Gaelic is
not so unsearchable as its Irish cousin (at present, though this may well change).</span></div>
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">A more serious problem, one maybe needing to be addressed as
soon as possible, relates to different editions of single newspapers. Newspaper
runs, of course, have always been altered and adjusted as fresh news comes in
during the evening and the night. Again, newspapers have printed and continue
to print different editions for different areas. There is no such thing, then,
as an official, canonical, single specific issue of, for instance, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inverness Courier</i> or the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Oban Times</i> for a particular day.</span></div>
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">A major problem for us in the Highlands is that different newspaper
editions might offer local news, local columnists, or local occasional literature
(particularly material in Gaelic) that might not have been printed in the ‘main’
edition. As we might expect, such local editions have a particularly low survival
rate, and it would be rather catastrophic if old numbers from these runs were
to end up in a skip because the main edition of the newspaper was now ostensibly
‘safely online’. In the future we shall still have to consult hard paper copies
(no matter how fragile), trawl through microfilms (no matter how exasperating),
or browse newspaper cuttings-books (of which we have a plethora, from several
different owners, in the Carmichael Watson Project).</span></div>
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</div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Over the next few blogs we’ll print some Carmichael-related
material (and maybe some non-Carmichael-related material too) culled from newspapers
in the Highlands and beyond. Here, to begin with, is an obituary for <a href="http://www.rcdai.org.uk/articles/priests-of-south-uist.html?page=4" target="_blank">Father James MacGregor</a>, Roman Catholic priest at Ardkenneth, an t-Ìochdar, South Uist.
The piece was printed in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inverness
Courier</i> for 25 April 1867. Maighstir Seumas had died some time previously,
on 15 February, of what appears to have been a painful kidney infection.</span></div>
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</div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Obituaries are fascinating in what they tell us of how
contemporaries viewed the deceased, and the little glimpses and hints they give
into personalities. As a search for his name in the <a href="http://www.carmichaelwatson.lib.ed.ac.uk/cwatson/" target="_blank">Carmichael Watson Project</a>,
the <a href="http://www.calum-maclean-project.celtscot.ed.ac.uk/home/" target="_blank">Calum Maclean Project</a>, or <a href="http://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/" target="_blank">Tobar an Dualchais</a> demonstrates, Father James MacGregor
remained well-known in tradition for well over a century after his death, not
just as a local character, but also for his reputation as a healer, occasionally employing
somewhat unorthodox methods.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia;"></span> </div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">N<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">otes from Uist.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A correspondent in
the Long Island writes as follows: –</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Two persons have
lately died in this quarter who will be much missed – the Rev. Jas. Macgrigor,
Roman Catholic priest, South Uist, and Mrs Macdonald, Scolpaig, North Uist.
Both died at the age of seventy-seven. Mr Macgrigor was a native of the
interior of Perthshire. He studied at the Roman Catholic College of Lismore,
Argyllshire, before that seminary was removed to Blair, Aberdeenshire. After
leaving Lismore he was appointed to the mission station of Lochaber, where he
remained for ten years. Thence he was transferred to Iocar, South Uist, where
he laboured for the long period of thirty-nine years. Mr Macgrigor was a man of
humour and cheerfulness, and endowed with much sound common sense. He was
tolerant towards all, and lived in peace and charity with all men. It was be
safely affirmed of him that he was equally beloved and respected by all classes
and all denominations. He had a good knowledge of medicine, and the people had
great confidence in his skill. Like the noble Fingal of old, of whose son’s
poems he was fond to the last, his door was never closed. His greatest delight
was to see people at his house, and as far as in his power to administer to
their comfort and happiness. If Mr Macgrigor had a predominant weakness, it was
land-improving and iron gates. He had tons of iron rails and iron gates about
him. On the short approach leading to his house at Aird-Choinnich he had no
fewer than three or four ponderous iron gates, each more complex than the other
in its construction and fastenings. This, upon one occasion, led to a witty remark
from the late Bishop Murdoch, of Glasgow, himself a man of much humour. Upon
his coming to Aird-Choinnich on one occasion rather unexpectedly, and
experiencing some difficulty in getting through the gates, he remarked that ‘if
Father Macgrigor guarded the way to heaven as effectually as that to his house,
it would be no easy task effecting an entrance.’ Mr Macgrigor was a man of
great integrity, and at heart a thorough gentleman. With the exception, perhaps,
of the funeral of the late greatly-beloved and regretted Dr Maclean, of Milton,
so large a concourse of people as that which attended Mr Macgrigor’s funeral
has not been seen in this quarter for many a day. Protestant widows were there,
equally demonstrative in their grief as their Roman Catholic sisters; and
Protestant ministers were there, who united with Roman Catholic priests in
saying that they had all lost a friend whose equal they were not likely soon to
see again. – Mrs Macdonald, Scolpaig, was a native of Skye. She was a lady of a
fine presence and personal appearance, and of much culture and intelligence.
Although none could escape feeling that he was in the presence of a lady of
superior attainments, her unassuming modesty prevented her revealing the rich
stores of her mind to any but her intimate friends. Mrs Macdonald was highly
respected by all, and greatly beloved by the poor.’</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Mrs Macdonald, Scolpaig, was Barbara <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">née </i>Tolmie (1789–1867), daughter of John Tolmie (1742–1823), Seoc
Tolm, tacksman of Uiginish in Skye. She was the widow of Captain John Macdonald
(d. 1843), tacksman of Scolpaig in North Uist, and mother of John Macdonald of Newton
(1824–88), factor of North Uist from 1855 and a close family friend of
Alexander Carmichael.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>Bibliography</strong>:</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><em>Inverness Courier</em>, 25 April 1867, 7</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Mackenzie, Hector Hugh. <em><a href="http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~coigach/ballone/mackenzie_4.pdf" target="_blank">The Mackenzies of Ballone</a></em> (Inverness: Northern Chronicle, 1941), 94<span style="font-family: Georgia;">–</span>9.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>Image</strong>:</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">St Michael's, Ardkenneth.</span>Carmichael Watson Projecthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10492290118329791088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8742071385032385155.post-74700862740702043822013-12-06T13:26:00.003+00:002013-12-06T13:26:52.122+00:00‘Gaelic Erotica’: Unveiled At Last<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">We knew about the article already. No. 1081 of Mary Ferguson and Ann Matheson’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Scottish Gaelic Union Catalogue</i> (Edinburgh, 1984)
is the bare entry:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"></span></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">GAELIC
erotica. Paris: H. Weiter. 1907. 73p. 16cm. Reprinted from Κρυπτάδια X</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"></span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheJvHqciuwd9Y1r4Jl0HRhyphenhyphenpliD2EcHjn-m7XYApns4i4lot5Oqw2Y9W2_5N5d_sP6dH_vL8VSOYnEhQb0kXxFELbLITl0aJR7DZVKg6ndgfc9AdtT6kLhW8kEQ6T0FldIObxUIVmc2TU/s1600/Higean+Hoigean.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheJvHqciuwd9Y1r4Jl0HRhyphenhyphenpliD2EcHjn-m7XYApns4i4lot5Oqw2Y9W2_5N5d_sP6dH_vL8VSOYnEhQb0kXxFELbLITl0aJR7DZVKg6ndgfc9AdtT6kLhW8kEQ6T0FldIObxUIVmc2TU/s1600/Higean+Hoigean.jpg" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Apparently
only one example had been located in a public library in Scotland: a photocopy in
the National Library of Scotland.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Thanks
to the wonders of the internet, the curious no longer need to fight over that
single example in Edinburgh. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.horntip.com/html/books_&_MSS/1880s/1883-1912_kryptadia_(HCs)/1907_kryptadia_vol_10/1907_kryptadia_vol_10.pdf" target="_blank">Kryptádia</a></i>
is online.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="http://www.horntip.com/html/books_&_MSS/1880s/1883-1912_kryptadia_(HCs)/" target="_blank"><em>Kryptádia: Recueil de documents pour</em> <span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><em>servir </em></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><em><a href="http://www.horntip.com/html/books_&_MSS/1880s/1883-1912_kryptadia_(HCs)/" target="_blank">à l’étude des traditions populaires</a></em>: the name sounds innocent enough. In fact, for nearly thirty years, between 1883 and 1911, in 12 volumes, editors and scholars connected with the respectable French folklore journal <em><a href="https://archive.org/stream/latraditionvolu00unkngoog#page/n8/mode/2up" target="_blank">La Tradition</a></em> carried on an alternative and rather less reputable concern on the side. <em>Kryptádia</em> gave space to erotic folktale, folklore, and folksong collections in a number of languages.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Information
about the history of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kryptádia</i> is
hard to come by. What we have derives from the remarkable scholar <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gershon_Legman" target="_blank">Gershom Legman</a> (1917–99), who, during his early life in the United States, followed by
decades of self-enforced exile in France, managed to compile and preserve <a href="http://www.nyfolklore.org/pubs/voic34-1-2/fools.html" target="_blank">an extraordinary folklore collection</a> made up of <a href="http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2004/04/19/040419crbo_books?currentPage=all" target="_blank">the kind of material</a> that would never appear, at
that time at least, in respectable folklore journals.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><em>Kryptádia</em> was edited at first by the South Slavicists <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Salomon_Krauss" target="_blank">Friedrich S. Krauss</a> (1859–1938) and Isidore Kopernicky, with the help of the French and Italian folklorists <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Gaidoz" target="_blank">Henri Gaidoz</a> (1842–1932), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaston_Paris" target="_blank">Gaston Paris</a> (1839–1903), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Pitr%C3%A8" target="_blank">Giuseppe Pitr<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">è</span></span></a> (1841–1916), and <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Carnoy" target="_blank">Henri Carnoy</a> (1861–1930).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"></span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">The
history of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kryptádia </i>can be divided
into two parts. Between 1883 and 1888 four numbers of the journal were printed
in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heilbronn" target="_blank">Heilbronn</a>, Württemburg, Germany. After a ten-year gap, publication was
resumed in Paris in 1898, where a further eight volumes were published in Paris,
the last in 1911.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The initial 1883 volume
was limited to 210 copies. Even this low number appears to have been
overambitious: later German issues numbered only 135 copies, while 175 were
printed during the years the journal was published in Paris.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Possibly
in response to prevailing anti-German sentiment in France, in 1904 Krauss launched
another journal. Although similar in theme, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.horntip.com/html/books_&_MSS/1900s/1904-1922_anthropophyteia_(HCs)/" target="_blank">Anthropophyteia</a></i>
was more scholarly and altogether more speculative in tone, concerned with the
social history of morality. Ten volumes, with associated <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Beiwerke</i>, appeared before the journal was suppressed by the
authorities in 1913.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">‘Gaelic
erotica’ was published as a lengthy article in <a href="http://www.horntip.com/html/books_&_MSS/1880s/1883-1912_kryptadia_(HCs)/1907_kryptadia_vol_10/1907_kryptadia_vol_10.pdf" target="_blank"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kryptádia</i>,<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>vol. 10</a> (1907),
pp. 295–367. The piece is structured as a little encyclopaedia, with 103
entries in Gaelic and English, ranging from ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Aed</i>, fire’ to ‘Water. Wells.’ The terms are illustrated with various
usages culled from songs and anecdotes.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">As
might be expected, the article is entirely anonymous, both regarding writer and
informants. To those versed in Scottish Gaelic folklore, however, certain clues
in the foreword, and the nature and scope of the material discussed, point to
one candidate only. The writer has been ‘[e]ducated as a medical jurist’ [295];
all his material ‘has been collected by persons of education … all being
Scottish Highlanders using Gaelic from their childhood upwards’ [295–6]. These
hints suggest that the writer of ‘Gaelic erotica’ was none other than the very
respectable scion of <a href="http://www.rcpe.ac.uk/journal/issue/journal_40_2/doyle.pdf" target="_blank">an Edinburgh medical dynasty</a>, Robert Craig Maclagan
(1839–1919).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">The
son of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Maclagan" target="_blank">Sir Douglas Maclagan</a> (1812–1900), Professor of Medical Jurisprudence and
Public Health at Edinburgh, Robert Craig Maclagan was educated at the
University of Edinburgh, before finishing off his medical training in Berlin
and Vienna. Despite his M.D., it appears that Maclagan practised only briefly –
perhaps hindered by his growing deafness – before going into business. He would
spend over thirty years as chairman of <a href="http://www.grantonhistory.org/industry/a_b_fleming.htm" target="_blank">A. B. Fleming & Co.</a>, ink and
chemical manufacturers, in Granton in the north-west of the city. His work with
Flemings, then the biggest ink producers in the world, perhaps explains the
interest in traditional dyeing techniques in his folklore collection.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Maclagan’s
early interest in traditional lore and material culture is attested by his
becoming a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland in 1877, and his
membership of the Folklore Society from 1882. An appeal from the latter institution
launched him on his career as a folklorist. In 1893 Maclagan, supervising a
network of correspondents, began to gather traditional lore from Argyllshire.
Over the next decade, this would broaden out into an ambitious project
embracing the Highlands and beyond, furnishing material for his important
studies <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://archive.org/stream/gamesdiversionso00macl#page/n5/mode/2up" target="_blank">The Games & Diversions of Argyleshire</a> </i>(1901) and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://archive.org/stream/evileyeinwestern00maclrich#page/n5/mode/2up" target="_blank">Evil Eye in the Western Highlands</a></i> (1902), as well as a plethora of articles, all published
under the auspices of the Folklore Society. Today Maclagan’s magnificent
collection, numbering more than 9,200 pages, is deposited in the School of
Scottish Studies Archives. Its recent cataloguing by Caroline Milligan means
that for the first time the full riches of the Robert Craig Maclagan MSS have
been unlocked for Gaelic scholarship, and for the communities in which the many
thousand items were originally recorded.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">On
investigating the collection, it is clear that at the very least many of the items
published in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kryptádia </i>article have
their counterparts in the Maclagan Manuscripts. One of the most prolific and
enthusiastic collectors of bawdy material for Maclagan was none other than a
Church of Scotland minister, the Rev. Niel Campbell (1850–1904) of <a href="http://www.scottish-places.info/parishes/parfirst546.html" target="_blank">Kilchrenan and Dalavich</a> at the north end of Loch Awe, but originally from Foss in Perthshire.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">It
is interesting that occasionally Maclagan’s informants, including the Rev. Niel
Campbell, don’t quite understand the references in the anecdotes and songs they
forward to him. They know they’re slightly off-colour, but not entirely sure
how. Is this evidence, in an era of sweeping socio-cultural change and new
moral perspectives, of how some Gaels were losing their expertise in the
indigenous ‘code’ delineating what obscene references actually referred to?
Maybe they were no longer dancing to the bawdy <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puirt_%C3%A0_beul" target="_blank">puirt á beul</a></i> or mouth-music of their ancestors; perhaps the need
for bawdiness was now being supplied by music-hall songs in English? Or was it
ever thus, that certain people – say, for example, respectable literate people
likely to volunteer as folklore collectors for an Edinburgh businessman –
whether by temperament, moral mind-set, lack of experience, or closeted
upbringing, were less au fait with the earthier side of life, and less able or
willing to engage with it? In the article Maclagan often fills in the gaps left
by his collectors. Usually his surmises are credible – it is possible that he
discussed them in person afterwards with his informants – but occasionally they
are indubitably mistaken: ‘Gaelic erotica’ should be used with care.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Why
Maclagan was so interested in collecting, and printing, ‘Gaelic erotica’ is
another matter. References in the article suggest that he subscribed to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kryptádia</i> or at least had studied
previous issues. An excellent shot, he was no stranger to all-male social gatherings
and the mess room, being an enthusiastic member of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Company_of_Archers" target="_blank">Royal Company of Archers</a>
and of the 5<span style="font-size: small;"><sup>th</sup> Volunteer Battalion of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Scots" target="_blank">Royal Scots</a>, in which he
eventually served as honorary Colonel (we should also note that he helped to
found the Scottish Association for the Medical Education of Women). But there
may be scholarly reasons behind the interest as well. His printed works
occasionally suggest a rather open-minded approach to his material, such as
when he mentions <a href="http://deriv.nls.uk/dcn23/7733/77336142.23.pdf" target="_blank">the bell of St Fillan</a>:<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">having
for its handle a two-headed dolphin, or what is sometimes called a sea-goat, on
the summit of the two heads of which are, as already pointed out by the late
Bishop of Brechin, distinct phalli… [Maclagan, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Scottish Myths</i>, 84]<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">before
going on to spend many jumbled pages on the subject, embracing bowls, fonts, upright
stones, generative principles, and supposed Mithraic customs. The poor bell of
St Fillan ends up being connected to practises far from saintly in nature. The
one thing that might be suggested from Maclagan’s deeply confused methodology is
that he is convinced that some bawdry, far from being beneath one’s notice, may
contain in its raw, obscene references ancient survivals pointing to primitive beliefs
and primal cults in a remote British past. Ernest Gaskell’s remark in a profile
of Maclagan he wrote for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Leaders of the
Lothians</i> in 1912, that he was ‘not a collector of articles <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">de vertu</i>’, may be a tacit allusion to
his subject’s clandestine anthology.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">‘Gaelic
erotica’ was also sold separately as an offprint, for 10 francs. We wonder how
many copies made it through the post to arrive here in Scotland.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Other
Celtic scholars may find much to investigate in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kryptádia</i>. Welsh material appears in volumes <a href="http://www.horntip.com/html/books_&_MSS/1880s/1883-1912_kryptadia_(HCs)/1884_kryptadia_vol_02/1884_kryptadia_vol_2.pdf" target="_blank">2</a>, <a href="http://www.horntip.com/html/books_&_MSS/1880s/1883-1912_kryptadia_(HCs)/1886_kryptadia_vol_03/1886_kryptadia_vol_3.pdf" target="_blank">3</a>, and <a href="http://www.horntip.com/html/books_&_MSS/1880s/1883-1912_kryptadia_(HCs)/1888_kryptadia_vol_04/1888_kryptadia_vol_4.pdf" target="_blank">4</a>, while
Breton is dealt with in <a href="http://www.horntip.com/html/books_&_MSS/1880s/1883-1912_kryptadia_(HCs)/1883_kryptadia_vol_01/1883_kryptadia_vol_1.pdf" target="_blank">1</a>, <a href="http://www.horntip.com/html/books_&_MSS/1880s/1883-1912_kryptadia_(HCs)/1884_kryptadia_vol_02/1884_kryptadia_vol_2.pdf" target="_blank">2</a>, <a href="http://www.horntip.com/html/books_&_MSS/1880s/1883-1912_kryptadia_(HCs)/1886_kryptadia_vol_03/1886_kryptadia_vol_3.pdf" target="_blank">3</a>, <a href="http://www.horntip.com/html/books_&_MSS/1880s/1883-1912_kryptadia_(HCs)/1899_kryptadia_vol_06/1899_kryptadia_vol_6.pdf" target="_blank">6</a>, and <a href="http://www.horntip.com/html/books_&_MSS/1880s/1883-1912_kryptadia_(HCs)/1902_kryptadia_vol_08/1902_kryptadia_vol_8.pdf" target="_blank">8</a>. There is unfortunately no Irish
material at all, and, perhaps surprisingly, nothing in English either,
excepting ‘Some erotic folk-lore from [the north-east of] Scotland’ in vol. 2,
excerpts from the 1785 edition of Francis Grose’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://archive.org/stream/aclassicaldicti01grosgoog#page/n6/mode/2up" target="_blank">Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue</a></i>, and an extended play by the libertine
Earl of Rochester. Did the stalwarts of the Folklore Society know about <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kryptádia</i>? Or did they prefer to ignore
the Paris journal as coarsely continental and beneath their notice?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;">
<strong>Bibliography</strong>:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Alexander N. Afanasyev,
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Russian Secret Tales: Bawdy Folktales of
Old Russia</i> (Baltimore, 1998 [1965]).<o:p></o:p></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Douglas, Oliver, ‘Highland Games and
material diversions: the late Victorian ethnography of Robert Craig Maclagan’, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Journal of Museum Ethnography</i>, 22
(2009), 39–62.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Doyle, Derek. ‘The Maclagan family: six
generations of service’, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Journal of the
Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh</i>, 40 (2010), 178–84.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><em>Scotsman</em>, 6 April 1900, 7 (Maclagan’s father's obituary)</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">_____, 15 July
1919, 10 (Maclagan’s obituary).</span></span></span>Carmichael Watson Projecthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10492290118329791088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8742071385032385155.post-87425951761891474332013-09-23T16:48:00.003+01:002013-09-23T16:52:11.029+01:00Objects in Focus: The Bearnarey Obelisk<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMrDJCTPinzCPKnzUPSAgZa1EiHqItDIYWSxpl8ySBygo52MU4c9ybD5sZWFxVsJJqTcbD4fXdA_lQIKV3FzBalbCuLhNsP9RXhOp9XyP-qWdSJoGLAIjRXd-7bbIqcYRMimxncNsfcTg/s1600/X.IB+31_04847.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMrDJCTPinzCPKnzUPSAgZa1EiHqItDIYWSxpl8ySBygo52MU4c9ybD5sZWFxVsJJqTcbD4fXdA_lQIKV3FzBalbCuLhNsP9RXhOp9XyP-qWdSJoGLAIjRXd-7bbIqcYRMimxncNsfcTg/s1600/X.IB+31_04847.jpg" width="206" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bearnarey Obelisk</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;">Over the course of <span style="font-size: small;">phase IV of the Carmichael Watson Project we were able to link objec<span style="font-size: small;">ts from the Carmichael col<span style="font-size: small;">lections <span style="font-size: small;">to <span style="font-size: small;">his written work. The f<span style="font-size: small;">ollowing was<span style="font-size: small;"> published in the <i>Proceedings of the S</i><span style="font-size: small;"><i>o</i><span style="font-size: small;"><i>ciety of An</i><span style="font-size: small;"><i>tiqua</i><span style="font-size: small;"><i>ries of Scotland</i> in 1870 and <span style="font-size: small;">pr<span style="font-size: small;">esents <span style="font-size: small;">information pertaining to how Carmichael<span style="font-size: small;"> obtained the stone<span style="font-size: small;"> and associated local lore. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">The stone of which I send a tracing has been taken from the island of Bernarey,
in the Sound of Harris. It formed the upper end of an obelisk which stood in a
large semicircle facing the east, near the centre of the island, at a place
called Killaisem (<i>Cilleaiseam</i>), St Asaph. Speaking of Bearnarey, Martin, in his
"Western Islands," says, - "There are two chappels in this isle,
to wit, St Asaph and St Columbus's Chappel. There is a stone erected near the
former, which is 8 foot high, and 2 foot thick."</span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">About fifty years ago
this obelisk was broken. Boys were in the habit of mounting to the top and
swaying it to and fro, till ultimately they broke it at the surface of the
ground. When it fell it broke in two pieces near the centre. These were taken away
by two crofters, and placed as lintels over the entrance to a cattle-fold
(<i>cuthaidh</i>) close at hand. After having been there for some years, they were
transferred by the same men to serve a similar purpose in their
dwelling-houses. I traced this piece to the house of one of these crofters, a
MacKillop (<i>MacPhilip</i>), where it was used as a lintel over his kitchen window.
MacKillop was very reluctant to allow the slab to be removed for examination,
although I twice offered to replace it at my own expense. Ultimately, however,
he consented. But before removing it, I thought proper to inform the
proprietor, the Earl of Dunmore, of its existence, and to ask his sanction to
its removal from the island. His Lordship immediately wrote his factor to
secure the slab, and bring it to Rodail. Upon his Lordship's arrival in Harris
he wrote me, expressing his interest in the stone, and giving his permission to
make what use of it I pleased. I got the slab removed from Rodail to Lochmaddy,
where it now lies. </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">It is dark bluish-gray gneiss, and measures 3 feet 8 inches
long, 19 inches broad, and 3 inches thick. The upper portion of the carving
forming the square is sufficiently distinct to be easily traced, but the lower
portion is more defaced, and in some places the surface of the stone is
entirely broken. How far the carving extended on the other part of the obelisk
there is at present no means of ascertaining. The crofter who had it, feeling
some remorse, restored it to the place where he found it. He alleged that a carlin
of ugly form and features visited him one night, and entreated and commanded
him to return the obelisk of Cillaiseam, St Asaph, otherwise he would suffer
here and hereafter. The man went early the following morning, apparently much
troubled, and entreated MacKillop to restore his part of the stone. MacKillop
replied that his part of the slab was of much use to him; that he had no
vision; and that he would defer returning it till the ugly carlin honoured him
with a visit. The other man returned his part, and shortly thereafter went to
America, where he died. Some other person less scrupulous took away this part
of the stone, which I have hitherto failed to trace.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">The old people of
Bernarey have told me that within their memory the base of the obelisk was surrounded
with a heap of small, beautifully white, and variegated pebbles, old coins,
bone pins, and bronze needles, the offerings of pilgrims at the shrine of St
Asaph.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">MacKillop, on whose
croft the obelisk stood, told me that in delving the place preparatory to
sowing corn, he was in the habit of turning up a number of bones. There is no
trace now of the "chappel" mentioned by Martin, nor indeed of any
building whatever. The place is in the corner of a field, and has been under
cultivation for some years. Close by the side of the obelisk there stood one of
those old circular duns so common in the Hebrides. I would have inferred that
this was the remains of the "chappel," were it not that MacKillop
told me that it contained wall passages and galleries common to these duns. All
the stones were carried away for building materials.<span style="font-size: small;"> <span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">T</span>he slab is currently housed in s<span style="font-size: small;">to<span style="font-size: small;">rage with the National Museums of <span style="font-size: small;">Scot<span style="font-size: small;">land.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Reference</span></span></span></b><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Allen, J. R.and Anderson, J<span style="font-size: x-small;">.</span> <i><span class="cw_title">Early Christian Monuments of Scotland</span></i> (Edinburgh, 1903) pp.113Carmichael, A. 'Notices of Teampull Michael, Keallun, North
Uist, and of Sculptured Stones in Bearnarey, Harris, and in Benbecula;
an "Abrach" Quern and Quarry for Querns, Heisgeir, North Uist, &c', <i><span class="cw_title">Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland</span></i>, <span style="font-size: x-small;">V</span>III, (Edinburgh, 1870) p.281.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Image</b> </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Copyright National Museums of Scot<span style="font-size: x-small;">land</span><b> </b> </span> </span></span>Carmichael Watson Projecthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10492290118329791088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8742071385032385155.post-44055645583045649132013-08-29T12:57:00.000+01:002013-08-29T17:06:19.383+01:00Genesis Chapter 1. In Gaelic. On a Bone.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgFuaUFB-CBBP9I44l7mJN7ggDlRp-PdtjfAB4XJdXAqiNvQIYIHKy1x0_81Gy89b0j9jq1-ZNwZmjsz3GxZofSzpsmY7pVKVtG9UdsYyxCwUfFOIukpyFY-6-z31td5-lp1381tvk_so/s1600/bone5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgFuaUFB-CBBP9I44l7mJN7ggDlRp-PdtjfAB4XJdXAqiNvQIYIHKy1x0_81Gy89b0j9jq1-ZNwZmjsz3GxZofSzpsmY7pVKVtG9UdsYyxCwUfFOIukpyFY-6-z31td5-lp1381tvk_so/s320/bone5.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">We had an outing at the end of last week, over to the
archives of New College, home of the School of Divinity, to look at a Gaelic
text kept there – but this one was a little out of the ordinary. At the
beginning of the summer CRC intern Emma Smith had told us of an unusual item she
had come across while doing research in Special Collections at New College Library:
a piece of bone (we hope that it’s animal in origin). Around the bone, its label
stated, was Genesis Chapter 1 written out in classical Irish Gaelic.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Although the text is mostly very faint, two friends from
Celtic and Scottish Studies, Abigail Burnyeat and Peadar Ó Muircheartaigh, were
able to confirm that the text is indeed Genesis 1, probably copied from an
edition of </span><a href="http://www.kingscollections.org/exhibitions/specialcollections/bible/european-bible/bedells-irish-old-testament" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">William Bedell's Irish-language Old Testament</span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9Gt4IbC21mvc7FciyldPLr9XcBLG-_8GewCAO0DuQ9dBVpV-2Mwp-yk-bpE0Lxfs_4_tscV6ufQ-8FuKFsSR5Vp6kfAb0894aWBPBh7bY3xeG9fez3uhma4uti8H-2ContQkG4Frufmw/s1600/bone6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9Gt4IbC21mvc7FciyldPLr9XcBLG-_8GewCAO0DuQ9dBVpV-2Mwp-yk-bpE0Lxfs_4_tscV6ufQ-8FuKFsSR5Vp6kfAb0894aWBPBh7bY3xeG9fez3uhma4uti8H-2ContQkG4Frufmw/s320/bone6.jpg" width="240" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">So far, however, we don’t have any clues about where the
bone came from, other than an intriguing statement on its label that a similar
bone was gifted to Queen Victoria as a
present on her Coronation. Victoria was crowned in 1838, and we think it likely
that our bone was written on or around about this time. The bone is surely Irish in
origin, and its neat handwriting is that of a good scribe. But why transcribe Genesis
chapter 1 on a bone? Was it a demonstration of piety by the writer? Or was it
deliberately created as an ethnological curiosity? Why present one to Queen
Victoria? And how and why did our bone end up among hundreds of other religious
texts in New College? We’d be very grateful for any ideas or information you
might have about the New College Gaelic Genesis bone.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span><br />
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Our thanks to the
staff of New College Library for their kindness and forebearance; to Abigail
and Peadar for their expertise; and especially to Em who told us about the bone
in the first place.</span></i><br />
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span></i><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Update: here are some extra photographs, of the bone, of its label, and of Abigail and Peadar examining it.</span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOjZBXt1OapCtC_WaowD7eyGMbwqa8D0iTcbumNXrl6hIduAJHcVqr9eR6qZxbdXjrwnWFocl5C-w0O8t9r-sxA03Ce7Asivs8Xe5XxLbZ8iELp_EXr0VEb6IEaVbjausV99cluT59pYg/s1600/cnaimh+a-rithist.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOjZBXt1OapCtC_WaowD7eyGMbwqa8D0iTcbumNXrl6hIduAJHcVqr9eR6qZxbdXjrwnWFocl5C-w0O8t9r-sxA03Ce7Asivs8Xe5XxLbZ8iELp_EXr0VEb6IEaVbjausV99cluT59pYg/s320/cnaimh+a-rithist.JPG" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTH8rOMR4r6elrTdSJsoZpwaFTxrkZdIGo5ZHLfzhmkuyO0QDUhv3Hl7Bt-PXkKxneWbiio_mQXg60P9Ui1K07sefrkd-2X2lTerJ8QNpqRaIhzx9vKUTJJXV0-YfwARuHEiqjRptKLnw/s1600/bone+label.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTH8rOMR4r6elrTdSJsoZpwaFTxrkZdIGo5ZHLfzhmkuyO0QDUhv3Hl7Bt-PXkKxneWbiio_mQXg60P9Ui1K07sefrkd-2X2lTerJ8QNpqRaIhzx9vKUTJJXV0-YfwARuHEiqjRptKLnw/s320/bone+label.JPG" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><br />
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<br />Carmichael Watson Projecthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10492290118329791088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8742071385032385155.post-88765478176984597232013-07-22T14:15:00.000+01:002013-07-22T14:15:53.932+01:00Objects in Focus: Querns<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">Quern stones were popularly used
throughout Scotland, to grind and mill cereals, into the twentieth century. A
complete rotary quern consists of an upper and lower quern stone that were used
simultaneously. Within the Carmichael Collection there are two quern stones,
not a pair, that were donated to the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland.
Carmichael's notes on one of the quern stones in the collection at the National
Museums of Scotland are available to read <a href="http://www.carmichaelwatson.lib.ed.ac.uk/cwatson/en/catalogueobject/5369" target="_blank">here</a>. </span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR4NKaMd4bW8F77OUg4cxCMPpBY8xqmHdkhhHWxMwjNiB-dtvmyalTwA7oal0eFnmggeixUGJcwaZgGOlRAva2Wfr5vnuFqSr7SqYG_rN7QqMETpnfu_lCXaFmJUymT0H6-iNlQ9BQImc/s1600/X.BB+24_0383.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR4NKaMd4bW8F77OUg4cxCMPpBY8xqmHdkhhHWxMwjNiB-dtvmyalTwA7oal0eFnmggeixUGJcwaZgGOlRAva2Wfr5vnuFqSr7SqYG_rN7QqMETpnfu_lCXaFmJUymT0H6-iNlQ9BQImc/s320/X.BB+24_0383.jpg" width="302" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="techinfo">X.BB 24 Upper stone from a granite disc quern</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">An early form of the tool was the saddle
quern and comprised of a large stone to place the
grain on and a rubbing stone to do the grinding. The consistent grinding
created a characteristic depression on the main stone. The Romans introduced
the rotary quern to Britain, This variation of the tool was less labour
intensive. These rotary querns stones are disc-shape and the upper stones
always has a central hole and either a hollow or smaller hole. To grind down the
cereal the grain was fed in through the central hole of the upper quern stone. Rotation was done by hand with a handle that was positioned in a hollow
on the upper stone while the lower stone remained stationary. Grain
was crushed between the two stones, pushed to the edge of the stone and caught on a cloth or table under the quern. The result was a mixture of flour,
grains and husk that was often processed two or three times to achieve the
required fineness.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">A hard type of stone, for
example granite, was necessary for the quern because the constant grinding
would erode softer stone types. The upper face of the top stone is often
decorated with concentric grooves and chiselled lines. </span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEjKLjRsRa5Gl1kjp-8TKsYx-0S9bmbD_MmcVsdLBA-MrT3Xf6LtwsaxDIqHrSZJbtxvEILAvqZmRi5FBxa3AOg-7QTPkfFJOOLp5YOjWEHnCGfKnEXDyuGcvwd6JKzYvq77taPVWdcWs/s1600/X.BB+25_095666.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEjKLjRsRa5Gl1kjp-8TKsYx-0S9bmbD_MmcVsdLBA-MrT3Xf6LtwsaxDIqHrSZJbtxvEILAvqZmRi5FBxa3AOg-7QTPkfFJOOLp5YOjWEHnCGfKnEXDyuGcvwd6JKzYvq77taPVWdcWs/s320/X.BB+25_095666.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="techinfo">X.BB 25 Rotary quern stone, underside</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">A definition by Dwelly of the
Muileann-brà [quern]:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"> </span>
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The quern was
formerly the only mill for corn-grinding used in the Gàidhealtachd. It is still
in use in many parts of northern Europe and in Asia, and the "two women
finding at the mill" (quern) may be seen to-day in Nazareth exactly as
they were in the days of Christ. The implement consists of two stones, the
lower being about two feet in diameter, and commonly hollowed to the depth of
about six inches. This hollow is of equal depth and diameter. Within this is
placed horizontally, a smooth round flag about four inches thick, and so fitted
to the cavity that it can just revolve with ease. Through the centre of this
revolving flat there is bored a hole for conveying the grain. In the lower
stone, in the centre of its cavity, there is fixed a wooden pin on which the
upper stone is placed in such exact equiponderance, that, though there be some
friction from their contact, a little force applied will make the upper stone
revolve for several times, when there is no grain underneath. On the surface of
the upper stone, and near the edge, are two or three holes, just deep enough to
hold in its placed the stick by which it is turned round. The working of
the quern is left to the women, two of whom, when the grain is properly dried,
sit squatting on the ground, with the quern between them and singing loudly an
appropriate song, perform their work, one turning round the stone with the
handle placed in one of the holes, and the other dropping the corn in through
the large hole. The law of Scotland attempted in vain to discourage the use of
the quern. In the year 1248 it was enacted <span style="font-size: x-small;">"</span>that no man shall presume to grind
quheit, maisloch or rye, with hand mylnes, except he be compelled by storm, and
be in lack of mylnes quhilk should grind the samen; and in this case, if a man
grinds at hand-mylnes, he shall give the threttein measure as multer; and gif
any man contravein this our prohibitions, he sall tyne his hand-mylnes
perpetuallie."</span></span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8siP0aOjC7MNkRWnmULruCAQ3DB_hhbVARaIs1-78bkYG5nDukr6UcETL0w8wt9_LF1Wqpd948nEvuniSpr74_qaGbuC68VAQv54O62QSe4ggLB87v81_SsuLQMjNhHTJeP_yg_WNLNc/s1600/X.BB+25_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8siP0aOjC7MNkRWnmULruCAQ3DB_hhbVARaIs1-78bkYG5nDukr6UcETL0w8wt9_LF1Wqpd948nEvuniSpr74_qaGbuC68VAQv54O62QSe4ggLB87v81_SsuLQMjNhHTJeP_yg_WNLNc/s320/X.BB+25_.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="techinfo">X.BB 25 Rotary quern stone, upperside </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">As noted in the dictionary
definition, women performed the task of grinding the grains and sang during the process. In the notebooks there are numerous references to quern<span style="font-size: small;">-related </span>songs
collected by Carmichael: <a href="http://www.carmichaelwatson.lib.ed.ac.uk/cwatson/en/fulltexttranscription/2940/0/NOTEBOOK/2/12/grinding/grinding/score/false" target="_blank">a quern song</a>, <a href="http://www.carmichaelwatson.lib.ed.ac.uk/cwatson/en/catalogueentry/5007/NOTEBOOK/3/12/grinding/grinding/score/false" target="_blank">a fairy quern song overheard in Berneray </a>and <a href="http://www.carmichaelwatson.lib.ed.ac.uk/cwatson/en/fulltexttranscription/4083/0/NOTEBOOK/6/14/quern/quern/score/false" target="_blank">a song collected from Catherine MacFarlane while she was grinding the quern</a>. The fairies are regularly associated with querns <span style="font-size: small;">and t</span>he spindle whorls used in spinning wool were often referred to as fairy
querns. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>References</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">CW90/95</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">CW120/383</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">CW150/26 </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Dwelly, E<span style="font-size: x-small;">.</span> <i>The Illustrated Gaelic-English Dictionary</i> (Glasgow, 1994) </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Images</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">©National Museums Scotland (www.nms.ac.uk)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b></b> </span></span></span></span><br />
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<![endif]-->Carmichael Watson Projecthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10492290118329791088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8742071385032385155.post-14132653558035006732013-06-19T09:50:00.002+01:002013-06-19T09:51:43.653+01:00Objects in Focus: Cas-chrom<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglVcFwN806-UZNHsrggBTNrs0Pde7-tKyrnVRTNjpfMBoo6EWlCF8rsP9Mh4fUfz6lnc8jqRjehEgiE2sX3X9QhBUHhGMQ7tBadtm4GGANTtARC_D8RLyzjVKms6sOEn2yGr-FC8tVh3g/s1600/W.PA+36_001278.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglVcFwN806-UZNHsrggBTNrs0Pde7-tKyrnVRTNjpfMBoo6EWlCF8rsP9Mh4fUfz6lnc8jqRjehEgiE2sX3X9QhBUHhGMQ7tBadtm4GGANTtARC_D8RLyzjVKms6sOEn2yGr-FC8tVh3g/s320/W.PA+36_001278.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cas-chrom</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Carmichael's collection contains a vast array of objects including a <i>cas-chrom</i>, a foot-plough, that is on display at the <a href="http://www.nms.ac.uk/our_museums/museum_of_rural_life.aspx" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;" target="_blank">Museum of Rural Life</a><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">, East Kilbride. This agrestic implement was commonly used throughout the Highlands and Islands of Scotland to prepare and cultivate the soil. It was particularly useful on stony and boggy surfaces where horses or men could not easily manoeuvre a plough. The tool had a dual function as it served not only as a plough but also as a spade. Interestingly the <i>cas-chrom </i>, that literally means crooked foot, was called a <span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: small;"><i>cas-chaba</i> in Applecross only, and the head of the plough was referred to as <i>meirgheal</i>. </span></span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">L. C. Hopkins writing in t</span><span style="font-size: small;">he </span><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland</i></span><span style="font-size: small;">, 1935, described the plough as recently obsolete, if indeed it is even now absolutely disused in some remote spots in Northern or North-western Scotland. He also had initially proposed that nothing can be termed a plough that is not hauled from in front (whether by oxen, yaks, horses, or even men) until the <i>cas-chrom</i> came to his attention.</span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> From various accounts it appears that the Isle of Skye was one of the last places the tool was used in the early twentieth century. <span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: small;"> </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: small;">The following is a pr</span>overb and note related to the cas-chrom recorded by Alexander Nicolson, 1882: </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Caib air no dheth, cùm do chas air a' sgonnan.</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;">Iron on or off, keep your foot on the peg.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;">The 'caib' of the old crooked spade, 'cas-chróm', was the iron with which it was pointed; the 'sgonnan' was the peg on which the right foot was pressed. The meaning is, 'Keep working, even with a defective implement'. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">And the following verses were published in <i>Carmina Gadelica vi</i> and the informant was obviously not a fan of the labour intensive tool: </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Coma liom a' chas-chrom. </i> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;">I dislike the crooked spade,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Nar bheil fonn fearann dhi; </i> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;">Nor love for land has she;</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Tha i casach 's tha i trom </i> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;">She is legged and she is heavy</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Air gach com is anail dhiom; </i> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;">On every chest and breath of me.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Iarann geur air a ceann </i> A sharp iron upon its point</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Chum a cur gu gearradh leis, </i> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;">To set it a-cutting,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Sgonnan fiodha sìos 'na bonn </i> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;">A wooden peg down at its base</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Chum a cur fo thalamh leis. </i> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;">To drive it beneath the earth. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">In the Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland from 1857-1589 James Johnston notes that while he was in Skye he noticed a man using this primitive tool and submitted an account of how the tool was used:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">The ' cas-chrom,' or crooked foot, is a crooked piece of wood, the lower end somewhat thick, about 2 1/2 feet in length, pretty straight, and armed at the end with iron, made thin and square to cut the earth. The upper end of this instrument is called the shaft, whereas the lower is termed the head; the shaft above the crook is generally straight, being 6 feet long, and tapering upwards to the end, which is slender ; just below the crook or angle, which is an obtuse one, there must be a hole, wherein a strong peg must be fixed for the workman's right foot, in order to push the instrument into the earth, while, in the meantime, standing upon his left foot, and holding the shaft firm with both hands, when he has in this manner driven the head far enough into the earth with one bend of his body, he raises the clod by the iron-headed part of his instrument, making use of the heel or hind part of the head as a fulcrum,—in so doing turns it over always towards the left hand, and then proceeds to push for another clod in the same form. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">While it was thought to be time-consuming for large areas of land the advantage of the <i>cas-chrom</i> was indeed that it allowed crofters to work land that was otherwise ignored. Macdonald writes: </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">'Cottars and very small tenants may use it, however, very
profitably, both in providing food for their families, and in bringing into
a permanent state of improvement, for their masters, lands which otherwise
would remain always unproductive and useless.'</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">For more information on the 'crooked foot' see the catalogue entry on the Carmichael Watson Project website, <a href="http://www.carmichaelwatson.lib.ed.ac.uk/cwatson/en/catalogueobject/5366/OBJECT/2/3/plough/plough/score/false" target="_blank">anseo</a>. And we would also highly recommend a visit to the Museum of Rural Life, a great day out!</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>References</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Armstrong, Robert Archibald, <i>A Gaelic Dictionary in Two Parts</i> (London, 1825) p.103. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Carmichael, Alexander,<i> <span class="cw_title">Carmina Gadelica vi</span></i> (Edinburgh, 1971) pp.36-37.</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Hopkins, L. C. 'The Cas-chrom v. the Lei-ssŭ: A Study of the Primitive Forms of Plough in Scotland and<br />Ancient China', <i>Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland</i>, 4,(1935) pp. 707 - 716.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Macdonald, James, <span class="cw_title">General View of the Agriculture of the Hebrides</span> (1821) pp.151-156.</span><span style="font-size: x-small;">Nicolson, Alexander <i>A Collection of Gaelic Proverbs and Familiar Phrases</i> based on MacIntosh's <i>Collection (Edinburgh, 1882) p.382. <b> </b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland iii </span></i><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(1857-1589).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Image</b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;">© National Museums of Scotland</span><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span></span></b>Carmichael Watson Projecthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10492290118329791088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8742071385032385155.post-49258144693499979672013-05-23T10:16:00.001+01:002013-05-23T10:16:30.596+01:00Luibh bheag bheag, luibh bheannaichte / A small small plant, a blessed plant<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGQH508Kj5Z7UREdA_ogRQRBl7wloAc_nYDvRGQZYpKNKSe33_fmuQTNPqdfNtxLHgnARI3o0Ah0iMEImToK3TqO4HFn-Lk2dzr5gxHyTMFqFrKQUe91CQg4kuQz5imu0lXsaH42t8CIU/s1600/sagina-nodosa-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="288" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGQH508Kj5Z7UREdA_ogRQRBl7wloAc_nYDvRGQZYpKNKSe33_fmuQTNPqdfNtxLHgnARI3o0Ah0iMEImToK3TqO4HFn-Lk2dzr5gxHyTMFqFrKQUe91CQg4kuQz5imu0lXsaH42t8CIU/s400/sagina-nodosa-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: small;">There are numerous accounts of plant lore noted in <i>Carmina Gadelica </i>and within the notebooks at the Centre for Research Collections, and <a href="http://carmichaelwatson.blogspot.co.uk/2012/05/carmichael-and-herbal-remedies.html" target="_blank">a previous blog</a> highlighted some of the key plants for popular herbal remedies. This blog notes some uses for am mothan / pearlwort including a method for securing a spouse! </span><a href="http://www.carmichaelwatson.lib.ed.ac.uk/cwatson/en/catalogueentry/2299/NOTEBOOK/2/16/subj_cw_id:$0028s3767$0029/Evil$0020eye/score/false" target="_blank"></a></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">The 'mothan' (bog violet?) is one of the most prized plants in the occult science of the people. It is used in promoting and conserving the happiness of the people, in securing love, in ensuring life, in bringing good, and in warding away evil.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">When the 'mothan' is used as a love-philtre, the woman who gives it goes upon her left knee and plucks nine roots of the plant and knots them together, forming them into a 'cuach' - ring. The woman places the ring in the mouth of the girl for whom it is made, in the name of the King of the sun, and of the moon, and of the starts, and in name of the Holy Three. When the girl meets her lover or a man whom she loves and whose love she desires to secure, she puts the ring in her mouth. And should the man kiss the girl while the 'mothan' is in her mouth he becomes henceforth her bondsman, bound to her everlastingly in cords infinitely finer than the gossamer net of the spider, and infinitely stronger than the adamant chain of the giant.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">The 'mothan' is placed under parturient women to ensure delivery, and it is carried by wayfarers to safeguard them on journeys. It is sewn by women in their bodice, and by men in their vest under the left arm.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">An old woman in Benbecula said: - 'thug mi am mothan beannaichte do Ruaraidh ruadh mac Roaghail Leothasaich as a Cheann-a-deas agus e air a thuras do Loch-nam-madadh, dol ga fhiachain air bialabh an t-siorram agus fhuair e dheth ge do bha e co ciontach 's a chionta ri mac peachaich' - 'I gave the blessed 'mothan' to red Roderick son of Ranald of Lewis from the South-end (of Uist), and he on his journey to Lochmaddy to be tried before the sheriff, and he got off although he was as guilty of the guilt as the son of a sinner.' 'Ach a Chairistine carson a thug sibh am mothan dh'an duine agus fios agaibh gun robh e ciontach? Saoilidh mi fein nach robh e ceart dhuibh a dhol ga dheanamh' - 'But, Christina, why did you give the 'mothan' to the man when you knew that he was guilty? I think myself it was not right of you to go and do it!' 'O bhidh 's aodaich! a ghraidhean mo chridhe agus a ghaoilean mo dhaoine, cha b' urra dhomh fhein dhol ga dhiultadh. Bhoinich e orm, agus bhochain e orm, agus bhoidich e orm, agus chuir e rud am laimh, agus O! a Righ na gile 's na greine, agus nan corracha ceuta, curra, de b' urra dhomh ghein a gh' radh no dheanamh agus an duine dona na dhubh-eigin na dhear-theinn agus na chruaidh-chas' - 'O food and clothing! thou dear one of my heart, and thou loved one of my people, I could not myself go and refuse him. He beseeched to me, and he swelled to me, and he vowed to me, and he placed a thing in my hand, and oh! King of the moon, and of the sun, and of the beautiful, sublime stars, what could I myself say or do, and the bad man in his black trouble, in his red difficulty, and in his hard plight!' I remembered Bacon and was silent.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">To drink the milk of an animal that ate the 'mothan; ensures immunity from harm. If a man makes a miraculous escape it is said of him. 'Dh' ol e bainne na bo ba a dh' ith am motha ' - 'He drank the milk of the guileless cow that ate the "mothan"'. </span></div>
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<br />
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Buainidh mi am mothan , Pluck
will I the ‘mothan,’</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Luibh nan naodh alt, Plant
of the nine joints,</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Buainidh agus boinichidh, Pluck will
I and vow me,</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Do Bhride bhorr 's dh' a Dalt. To
noble Bride and her Fosterling.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Buainidh mi am mothan, Pluck
will I the ‘mothan,’</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">A dh’ orduich Righ nam feart, As
ordained of the King of power,</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Buainidh agus boinichidh, Pluck
will I and vow me,</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Do Mhoire mhor ‘s dh’ a Mhac. To
great Mary and her Son.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Buainidh mi am mothan, Pluck
will I the ‘mothan,’</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">A dh’ orduich Righ nan dul, As
ordained of the King of life,</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Bheir buaidh air gach foirneart, To
overcome all oppression,</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Is ob air obi shul. And
the spell of evil eye. </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Laomachan</b>. 'Little mouldy one', was a rind of
cheese used for divination. The cheese must be made on one of the four
old festivals of the year: <i>Bealltain</i>, Beltane; <i>Lùnasd, Lùnasdal </i>or <i>Lùnasdain</i>, Lammas; <i>Samhain</i>, Hallowtide; and <i>Fèille Brighde</i>, the Feast of Brigit; but on which of these is now uncertain. The milk used was that of a cow which had eaten the <i>mòthan</i>,
pearlwort, for since the plant was sained the <span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">cheese was sained also.
twelve months after the cheese was made it was used. A small hole was
made through the rind, and through this the diviner looked down through
the </span><i style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">fàrlas, </i><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">smoke-vent of the house. The name of the first person
thus seen through these two orifices was the name of the future spouse.
When the </span><i style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">loamachan</i><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> was placed under the pillow, the sleeper would in dreams see his future spouse coming towards him with gifts; were the person seen receding, it indicated a parting. the </span><i style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">laomachan</i><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
safeguarded its wearer from the wiles of the fairies of the mound, from
the venom of the hosts of the air, and from the misleading light of the
</span><i style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">teine mòr </i><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">or </span><i style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">teine sionn</i><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">, will o' the wisp. For naming, for dreaming and for safeguarding, the </span><i style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">laomachan</i><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
was effective only on the anniversary of the fesitval on which it was
made, and only to those who had faith and sincerity of heart; only to
those who bowed to them were the names true. Many curious rites and
ceremonies connected with the </span><i style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">laomachan</i><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"> and its use are now but dimly to be descried through the darkness of ages. </span></span><br />
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>References</b></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Carmina Gadelica ii, </i>110-113.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Carmina Gadelica vi</i>, 94-95.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> <b>Image</b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;">© Carl Farmer </span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;"><b> </b> </span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"> </span></span></div>
Carmichael Watson Projecthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10492290118329791088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8742071385032385155.post-81455173799131911992013-05-01T12:27:00.003+01:002013-05-01T12:48:59.531+01:00Beltane BannocksBeltane is an important day in the Celtic calendar that marks the beginning of summer, and the day is still widely celebrated. Fire was, and is, used as a method of purification and the various practices were outlined in previous May day blog entries (<a href="http://carmichaelwatson.blogspot.co.uk/2012/05/beltane-may-day.html" target="_blank">anseo </a>agus <a href="http://carmichaelwatson.blogspot.co.uk/2011/05/am-beannachadh-belltain-or-beltane.html" target="_blank">anseo</a>).<br />
<br />
In <i>Carmina Gadelica</i> there is a note about quarter cakes, bannocks that were smaller than the <a href="https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=290561874288194&set=pb.127952333882483.-2207520000.1367406168.&type=3&theater" target="_blank">St Michael's strùan</a>, but it is apparent that the tradition was no longer widespread in the late 19th century.<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Throughout the Highlands and Islands special cakes were made on the first day of the quarter. As in the case of the 'struan', a large cake was made for the family and smaller cakes for individual members. So far as can now be ascertained, these cakes were round in form. They were named after their dedications. That baked for the first day of spring was called 'bonnach Bride,' bannock of Bride; that for the first day of summer, 'bonnach Bealltain,' Beltane bannock; that for the first day of autumn, 'bonnach Lunastain,' Lammas bannock; and for the first day of winter, 'bonnach Samhthain,' Hallowtide bannock. The names of the individual cakes were rendered into diminutives to distinguish them from the family cake, while the sex of the person for whom they were intended was indicated by the termination, as 'Bridean,' masculine diminutive, 'Brideag,' feminine diminutive, after Bride; 'Bealltan,' 'Bealltag' after Beltane; 'Luinean,' 'Luineag' after Lammas; and 'Samhnan,' 'Samhnag' after Hallowmas. The people repaired to the fields, glens, and corries to eat their quarter cakes. When eating them, they threw a piece over each shoulder alternately, saying: 'Here to thee, wolf, spare my sheep; there to thee, fox, spare my lambs; here to thee, eagle, spare my goats; there to thee, raven, spare my kids; here to thee, marten, spare my fowls; there to thee, harrier, spare my chickens.'</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRWjgYngba5duvU1DBSBXIN99rGueSvWdiXACmkI-KBLAu-jDw9iRkhX1ewlFKKzsvrGNlOhlsF-yU1xBWkuoLl7gadDBpV07J8ZOHAYu-rAY_ML1F4uKrgtFWApxMExjDpYq6Iry8tqA/s1600/ued1a_02553901.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRWjgYngba5duvU1DBSBXIN99rGueSvWdiXACmkI-KBLAu-jDw9iRkhX1ewlFKKzsvrGNlOhlsF-yU1xBWkuoLl7gadDBpV07J8ZOHAYu-rAY_ML1F4uKrgtFWApxMExjDpYq6Iry8tqA/s400/ued1a_02553901.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Baking bannocks over an open fire</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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In a contribution to <i>Folklore </i>1895 is a note about Beltane bannocks, and variations on the tradition are noticeable. One description reads as follows:<br />
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<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Bannocks were baked the evening before Beltane, the first day of May (O.S.), and were called Beltane bannocks. They were made of oatmeal in the usual way, but they were washed over or "watered" with a thin batter composed of whipped egg, milk or cream, and a little oatmeal. Before being laid on the "brannithr" (Keith), "branner" (other districts), :ie. gridiron, the upper side was rubbed over with this batter. When the underside was sufficiently baked or "fired," the bannock was turned, and the underside was now rubbed over with the batter. The bannock was then allowed to hang over the fire on the gridiron till fully baked. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">On Beltane about mid-day the young folks, each with a bannock, went to the rocks or high grounds, and rolled them down. If a bannock broke in the rolling, the one to whom it belonged would come to some disaster or die before next Beltane. They ate them, but left a "bittie" to the "cuack" or cuckoo. They carried a piece home, and placed it under the pillow in the sweetheart's name, to find out if dreams would reveal the future as to marriage. Eggs were not used in baking the Baptismal and Christmas bannocks. </span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">JANET DAVIDSON (aged 8I), Kingussie. </span></div>
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A second account of the bannocks:<br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">At Achterneed, near Strathpeffer, Ross-shire, on the first day of May the children received each an egg and a cake. With these they went to the hill, as many at times as twenty and thirty in company. They gathered material, formed a bonfire, and roasted the eggs in the ashes. Before placing the egg in the ashes, each child put a mark on it so as to be able to identify it when taken from the ashes. The egg and the cake were eaten. The cake was baked between nine and ten o'clock in the morning. It was kneaded entirely in the hand, and not on a board or table like common cakes. It was "fired" or baked in front of the peat fire on the hearth supported by a stone. After being so baked it was put into the child's hand, and not on any table or dish. It must never be put from the hand except to be baked in front of the fire. If laid on anything it was then nothing more than an ordinary bannock. It was called "tcharnican" (spelt phonetically), because it was made wholly in the hand. The word means " hand-cake." Those now sent were baked by a native of the parish of Fodderty, who is now eighty-three years of age. One of them was baked in my presence. </span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">REV. WALTER GREGOR, LL.D. </span></div>
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Carmichael also notes that traditionally Thursday was considered a lucky day for all enterprises except when Beltane fell on a Thursday:<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">'D uair is Ciadaoineach an t-Samhain</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Is iarganach fir and domhain,</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Ach 's meirg is mathair dh' an mhac bhaoth</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">'D uair is Daorn dh' an Bhealltain.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">When the Wednesday is Hallowmas</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Restless are the men of the universe;</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">But woe the mother of the foolish son</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">When Thursday is the Beltane. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
Better be wary for Beltane 2014!<br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>References</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Carmichael, A.<i> Carmina Gadelica i </i>(Edinburgh: Floris Books, 1900-1972) pp. 163.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Carmichael, A.<i> Carmina Gadelica i </i>(Edinburgh: Floris Books, 1900-1972) pp. 208-9. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Goodrich-Freer, A. 'More Folklore from the Hebrides', <i>Folklore</i>, 13:1, (1902), pp. 29-62. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Gregor, W., Davidson, J., Robertson, Munro, Maclean, G., Farquharson, J. and Macintosh, H. 'Notes on Beltane Cakes', <i>Folklore</i>, 6:1 (1895), pp. 2-5. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Image</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">©National Museums Scotland. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk</span>Carmichael Watson Projecthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10492290118329791088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8742071385032385155.post-12798860350775434322013-04-24T15:45:00.000+01:002013-04-24T15:45:05.500+01:00Preview of the catalogue<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This Friday the Carmichael Watson Project object catalogue, based on Carmichael's collections at <a href="http://www.westhighlandmuseum.org.uk/" target="_blank">the West Highland Museum</a> and the <a href="http://nms.ac.uk/" target="_blank">National Museums of Scotland</a>, will be going live! </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Over the past year the team have been locating, researching, photographing and cataloguing all the objects, and a select few were featured in blog entries. Altogether the collections contain more than 440 objects from the smallest coin to a large carved stone slab. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">H</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">ere's a hint at what others objects are in the catalogue: </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhumt1BS1ptW4rq5_28AKuldHgSUgsgF6KFLY46erI1lW7jhjvtiUFstAWoql6K2PdwRhYnj1GdRCPC0AEJQj51QLzNVM3oSE25nmmy8vSoi586sEsRfXiNK8MIyYNaobyhiDVoo6orimM/s1600/X-IB-31-04847d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhumt1BS1ptW4rq5_28AKuldHgSUgsgF6KFLY46erI1lW7jhjvtiUFstAWoql6K2PdwRhYnj1GdRCPC0AEJQj51QLzNVM3oSE25nmmy8vSoi586sEsRfXiNK8MIyYNaobyhiDVoo6orimM/s320/X-IB-31-04847d.jpg" width="165" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Carved Stone Slab, National Museums of Scotland</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwszLSURXDyu2VOA3FQztSlGECEtBDoLJKc7usWPNLUHQdoIOu0UjZKYc9KnEFS1pYrLK4xPYRnLwq1RjhwijIVvLypj_fTz73mrbmZ4l0s2mXJGTqx_s3dIqK0esrMtbMm5N0dQSafZ4/s1600/H-TTB-18-13-003666d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwszLSURXDyu2VOA3FQztSlGECEtBDoLJKc7usWPNLUHQdoIOu0UjZKYc9KnEFS1pYrLK4xPYRnLwq1RjhwijIVvLypj_fTz73mrbmZ4l0s2mXJGTqx_s3dIqK0esrMtbMm5N0dQSafZ4/s320/H-TTB-18-13-003666d.jpg" width="229" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Swatches of tartan cloth, National Museums of Scotland</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnZVdF5BzagjIteHQPoqx-y_4FERX1nED-rr0vtiJCGebLkbUmNI0yxcz21GU2nTsRJ8K1y73uei7iaB6M2Hq28UpoWGxPLT0Ahfv84aFRoBAwqkWtopyX-DWqSAowuW3XwCZxdgVw0SI/s1600/WHM-1992-13-1-10-002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="302" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnZVdF5BzagjIteHQPoqx-y_4FERX1nED-rr0vtiJCGebLkbUmNI0yxcz21GU2nTsRJ8K1y73uei7iaB6M2Hq28UpoWGxPLT0Ahfv84aFRoBAwqkWtopyX-DWqSAowuW3XwCZxdgVw0SI/s320/WHM-1992-13-1-10-002.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Copper Alloy Brooch, West Highland Museum</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR7q_wZ21eDUl-oJDPdSAkZB3S9QcYqxf4vSKmeJBd57rLv6HidowVFTBq6LGPtTU-6K8YJanjx5PAuQrT2OXRrsZWvkS55U4EHqIYKmPF9fPpUm6l-7nUYx9bRUsdl1kz3BokxCxkPqI/s1600/WHM-1992-13-3-15-001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR7q_wZ21eDUl-oJDPdSAkZB3S9QcYqxf4vSKmeJBd57rLv6HidowVFTBq6LGPtTU-6K8YJanjx5PAuQrT2OXRrsZWvkS55U4EHqIYKmPF9fPpUm6l-7nUYx9bRUsdl1kz3BokxCxkPqI/s320/WHM-1992-13-3-15-001.jpg" width="278" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Silver Luckenbooth Brooch, West Highland Museum</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2XtZ9R4IZ75Ajzpn_x1HwYqOCdWTL2S4vx0fXh5ThN4gVB2eSMghROIErKNJsN5S50ciaOk1T6cVlSURKddN35QXPO29gDCpGypYwJDrbAunnKJyLgqfhpRpsPlcNJEay0FB7AAPBZaI/s1600/WHM-1992-13-22.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2XtZ9R4IZ75Ajzpn_x1HwYqOCdWTL2S4vx0fXh5ThN4gVB2eSMghROIErKNJsN5S50ciaOk1T6cVlSURKddN35QXPO29gDCpGypYwJDrbAunnKJyLgqfhpRpsPlcNJEay0FB7AAPBZaI/s320/WHM-1992-13-22.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Copper cup, West Highland Museum</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMebrKqo1Qdh53aI7iDG5K3lgXNAPC-ssxanL5Ii9Ib2g1o2ydb0oXd3-EYN4imNwBT2azLTu0JL8uDyQ0g3U_2I-010_pnwXaQKFzXu-4irPbgqaxDLoxD1gDTKYC9Q77yAfQ9g2HEps/s1600/WHM-1992-13-39-16-001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMebrKqo1Qdh53aI7iDG5K3lgXNAPC-ssxanL5Ii9Ib2g1o2ydb0oXd3-EYN4imNwBT2azLTu0JL8uDyQ0g3U_2I-010_pnwXaQKFzXu-4irPbgqaxDLoxD1gDTKYC9Q77yAfQ9g2HEps/s320/WHM-1992-13-39-16-001.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Spanish coin and Roman coin, West Highland Museum</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS4cSbMB8-n2FVOLYEoehMgAArgRM04_o_e9zAH5kpO59IYdpZdHvpjX2XDJAlkvw_UcghnnnUvA8aPHBVskNAkxKj-Rnnh-RD_47Id94LrK4NG4xqvuq2Mu-xElWQTS3Zp5ArSW-HsK8/s1600/WHM-1992-13-46.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="246" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS4cSbMB8-n2FVOLYEoehMgAArgRM04_o_e9zAH5kpO59IYdpZdHvpjX2XDJAlkvw_UcghnnnUvA8aPHBVskNAkxKj-Rnnh-RD_47Id94LrK4NG4xqvuq2Mu-xElWQTS3Zp5ArSW-HsK8/s320/WHM-1992-13-46.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Snàithle, West Highland Museum</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7R9TNU0WOt4ulpLYjD4_3Ynfzk7KQbAZl_RdASapz5UofBUWv7n2OjQref2f8UpTF5Q_LVJBPk8nooKsUIAtm9ovSS607L1RdjtEzKhHprsjx6cGlJZLhvUOWuoE_nRduE7DYmel5Pno/s1600/WHM-1992-13-96-001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="101" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7R9TNU0WOt4ulpLYjD4_3Ynfzk7KQbAZl_RdASapz5UofBUWv7n2OjQref2f8UpTF5Q_LVJBPk8nooKsUIAtm9ovSS607L1RdjtEzKhHprsjx6cGlJZLhvUOWuoE_nRduE7DYmel5Pno/s320/WHM-1992-13-96-001.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Basket-hilted sword, West Highland Museum</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibJQ8potARmQOKmDsS3qCg1We602n6jYZZX6rurrPuhIwbbQ5tYJvqEBcUPzkv3Yi4ActvYHLA9il0hyphenhyphen7sgRV6qgtNiG5dWbx295vRQ3KvdBG9fkO4J44muImgiYrz_bCiVL8tjeuqN30/s1600/WHM-1992-13-3-7-001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibJQ8potARmQOKmDsS3qCg1We602n6jYZZX6rurrPuhIwbbQ5tYJvqEBcUPzkv3Yi4ActvYHLA9il0hyphenhyphen7sgRV6qgtNiG5dWbx295vRQ3KvdBG9fkO4J44muImgiYrz_bCiVL8tjeuqN30/s320/WHM-1992-13-3-7-001.jpg" width="294" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Silver Ring Brooch, West Highland Museum</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Images</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">NMS objects <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 14px;">© National Museums of Scotland</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 14px;">WHM objects </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 14px;">© <a href="http://www.carstenflieger.com/" target="_blank">Carsten Flieger </a></span></span></span>Carmichael Watson Projecthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10492290118329791088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8742071385032385155.post-53980199970025710872013-04-12T09:40:00.000+01:002013-04-12T09:40:25.675+01:00Objects in Focus: Stone Font<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In the <a href="http://nms.ac.uk/" target="_blank">National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh</a> a handful of objects collected by Carmicahel are on display: a baptismal font, a stone font and a Pictish stone. Carmichael's own notes explain where the stone font was found and the particular curing beliefs associated with it. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht3kQ-_66CRt_EZzAmiOCuLuZRUbGGRm6gK0PpuJn-UZL_HKRsJ5SU4KQ5AAWazjMvKzorDc6zOwWQ4pa70owpSdofT-huxt0K3ZCfR92eWooC4tKGsvjSS5U9r5V1SjgIHAweFiPM6Ww/s320/X.BA+25_1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stone font</td></tr>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht3kQ-_66CRt_EZzAmiOCuLuZRUbGGRm6gK0PpuJn-UZL_HKRsJ5SU4KQ5AAWazjMvKzorDc6zOwWQ4pa70owpSdofT-huxt0K3ZCfR92eWooC4tKGsvjSS5U9r5V1SjgIHAweFiPM6Ww/s1600/X.BA+25_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">The small primitive porous looking font is from Christ's Burying Ground (Cladh Chriost) in the Island of Pabbay, Barra. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Like the other islands of Barra, Pabbay is extremely rugged and precipitous and except during settled weather inapproachable on account of the Atlantic surf. On the south east side of the island there is an open bay. Behind this surf-beaten bay and in front of this glaciated hill beyond is a semicircular valley the bottom of which on the north side is composed of deep accumulated sand drift. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">This was formerly covered with bent (muran) and other grasses but the surface breaks caused by the winter storms have been inattended to of late years, the winter winds have swept away the sand to a great depth leaving studded over the valley high cone-like mounds as monuments of neglect. Cladh Chriost is one of these cone-like mounds. It is about thirty feet high and composed or built up of many successive and distinctive layers of sand, like so many different pieces of bleached and unbleached cotton on a drapers shelf and pointing to different periods of formation. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Its base has already become considerably hard and solid thus affording us the late and interesting opportunity of examining the slow and silent yet sure and inevitable process by which Time converts the flying particles of sand into hard and solid rock. Had no fortuitous circumstances prevented this sand mound would be converted into sand stone rock, in which would be embedded at various distances from the surface well preserved human remains, some of them surrounded by rows of carefully selected polished pebbles from the strand, and others by irregularly coarse common moor stones from the hill; innumerable bits of cinerary urns, of different manufactures and evidently of different periods with pins and needles, of bone, bronze and brass.</span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="269" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrOpgXJLLRT4grWfREjbKqRHVNhy5CY8FOnLxH2s-F_nCK_cZXAPCsjVLsIloT69dh7wv3ztzxOg-CNMbc7YhmX9UWctC2Kc3vhG4_LUzZdyq9tK8xEMBoyNqgvvfn1JT87SaB1TjlN3M/s320/X.BA+25_2.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stone font</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrOpgXJLLRT4grWfREjbKqRHVNhy5CY8FOnLxH2s-F_nCK_cZXAPCsjVLsIloT69dh7wv3ztzxOg-CNMbc7YhmX9UWctC2Kc3vhG4_LUzZdyq9tK8xEMBoyNqgvvfn1JT87SaB1TjlN3M/s1600/X.BA+25_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">And in the event of these hard memorials of man surviving like the tender lady from the process of petrefaction, perchance some future Hugh Miller might arise in the distant ages to draw therefrom lessons of utility instruction and wisdom.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">A stream flows from the scariated hill behind which strikes during spates with considerable force against the rear of Cladh Chriost after which it skirts round the base thereof undermining and carrying in its sacrilegious course, the crumbling mound of sand, human remains, and human memorials, in one confused mass, into the continuous and tumbling, toiling, troubles sea below.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Embedded in the grassy sandy summit of this disused and neglected burying ground, this simple font rested for ages. But having been lost to sight of late, a search was made for it two years ago, at my request which resulted in finding it in the bed of the stream beneath, upon which it was obligingly transmitted to me to Lochmaddy.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">This font was for centuries an object of credulous belief to the inhabitants of Pabbay and the other southern Isles of Barra. These simple people implicitly believed that the touch of this font like that of another stone in S. Mary’s burying ground (Cladh Naomh Moire) in the neighbouring island of Bearnaray (Barra-Head) was efficacious in preventing and removing many mental and physical disorders incident to themselves and their flocks. The lixivium found in the font was considered doubly consecrated, firstly through contact with the already consecrated font, and secondly through the friendly agency of some invisible and mysterious power that presided over the scene. The virtues of this salinated water were deemed secondary only to those of the water consecrated by the priest. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">The people rubbed their bodies and their cattle with the font and sprinkled themselves and their flocks with the water contained therein, for the cure of certain bodily ailments and for the prevention of specific acts of witchcraft. And when this ceremony was duly performed with the necessary amount of formality and with the necessary admixture of pagan and christian rites, the people firmly believed that creative spirits of the air, nor the witches of the earth, nor the mermaids of the deep surrounding sea could infuse or molest them. </span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfCenR3R4XZPF_YVi57V9-ldLTkWVLqEEV61A1EMWGWdHOtybGli4vhWlIluXDRSHWQx5niy9_l-cE2ARZH6Ch-eekTjQGDGrqaMzXWLIGn5ZO9Luz4q1huZR2nBuvOS7FDbqnNQv8Nns/s1600/canmore_image_dp_11_DP110559.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfCenR3R4XZPF_YVi57V9-ldLTkWVLqEEV61A1EMWGWdHOtybGli4vhWlIluXDRSHWQx5niy9_l-cE2ARZH6Ch-eekTjQGDGrqaMzXWLIGn5ZO9Luz4q1huZR2nBuvOS7FDbqnNQv8Nns/s400/canmore_image_dp_11_DP110559.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pabbay, Barra</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;">A charm so potent could not be otherwise than an object of deep awe and interest among the hardy, simple and kind hearted people possessing it nor do I doubt but an attempt to remove it eighty or a hundred years ago would have been stoutly resisted and would probably result in serious consequences. But – “Old times are changed, old manners gone, A stranger fills the Stewarts’ throne; The bigots of an iron time, Had called these harmless acts a crime.” </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">For a number of years past the belief in the virtues of this charm has been falling into abeyance and now only two old men as far as I know can give an intelligible account of the faded glories of the primitive little font. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now, the next time you visit the museum on Chambers Street keep an eye out for this font!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Reference</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">GB 237 Coll-97 CW457</span><br />
<b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Images</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Font: </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 14px;">© National Museums of Scotland</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 14px;">Pabbay: </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 14px;">© RCAHMS</span></span><br />
Carmichael Watson Projecthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10492290118329791088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8742071385032385155.post-40738219845240933062013-03-08T16:58:00.002+00:002013-03-08T16:58:46.660+00:00Objects in Focus: Targe<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYiqPpFTDkjeJpX6T4ggzHcVPoAv7nYuo1AYc0w_hphZIppG7tFZiiAxVZMJ-BpTRi-9C8S7LapexLsQvxsHneo0ooIKlkJ_zCv9LsPsZ43l6mG68yC14G7Kd4IEJr5troThxraUTv1DI/s1600/WHM_1992_13_5_001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="278" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYiqPpFTDkjeJpX6T4ggzHcVPoAv7nYuo1AYc0w_hphZIppG7tFZiiAxVZMJ-BpTRi-9C8S7LapexLsQvxsHneo0ooIKlkJ_zCv9LsPsZ43l6mG68yC14G7Kd4IEJr5troThxraUTv1DI/s320/WHM_1992_13_5_001.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Targe, West Highland Museum</span></td></tr>
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<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The targe, or target [<i>targaid</i>], is a circular wooden shield that was popular in the 17<sup>th</sup>
and 18<sup>th</sup> century Highlands. It was held with the left arm and a sword, spear or dagger would be carried in the right hand. The targe's primary use was to fend off
blows from oncoming attackers, and often the back side was padded to deaden the impact therefore protecting the arm. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The weapon was constructed from wood boards, typically oak or pine,
fastened together and covered with embossed and tooled leather. Brass or nickel
studs were added in a circular pattern to the front and a hand grip or two grips were fastened
to the back. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">A common addition was an arm strap to ensure a firm hold on the shield. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Occasionally targes were highly ornamented with silver or
brass mounts and heraldic representations. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEL4VFIbzDrm4GnwYjFchnIVqbD0gkPrvborOrG9DRh_tfXSIoOvbIo7YlWlPYPa_xboEYftpcP4IUDIiuWXeRKXVtSQrFNOTa8n86IcTTnJxLK7YYELlp8ZBSbzJu2Jt-OOl8jEpW-uM/s1600/WHM_1992_13_5_002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEL4VFIbzDrm4GnwYjFchnIVqbD0gkPrvborOrG9DRh_tfXSIoOvbIo7YlWlPYPa_xboEYftpcP4IUDIiuWXeRKXVtSQrFNOTa8n86IcTTnJxLK7YYELlp8ZBSbzJu2Jt-OOl8jEpW-uM/s320/WHM_1992_13_5_002.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Targe, West Highland Museum</span></td></tr>
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<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The targe could likewise serve as a weapon as the centre brass boss, generally the larger boss, could accommodate a spike being attached to it. This was surely a contributing factors to its popularity; the defensive and offensive benefit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The Highland Charge was a military tactic involving the targe that was successful at battles including Killiecrankie and Prestonpans. It involved the soldiers discharging their muskets at close range and then charging ahead through the smoke with their targe and broadsword. This tactic was last used at Culloden in 1746 but unfortunately the effect was greatly lessened. Major Mackay Scobie maintained that the soldiers discarded their targes due to their inability, through exhaustion, to carry them.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnxx2Nfs0a0sK2YMAsYfhmTAlkDNF6h49jkpnknr7V__EWzdSnM1C-7DTrQp9XfinaREI1a_yxyq7_kFWj5KTKwv1yAQAxqL0lmeHeJ3i-T3-4v2_65O1gxTS9ymnScIKmNWtgdUplbPw/s1600/ued1a_02400283.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnxx2Nfs0a0sK2YMAsYfhmTAlkDNF6h49jkpnknr7V__EWzdSnM1C-7DTrQp9XfinaREI1a_yxyq7_kFWj5KTKwv1yAQAxqL0lmeHeJ3i-T3-4v2_65O1gxTS9ymnScIKmNWtgdUplbPw/s400/ued1a_02400283.jpg" width="288" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A Highland Outpost by John Pettie (1839 - 1893)</td></tr>
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<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">After Culloden the use of targes went into decline, and the 1746 Act of Proscription (enforced 1 August 1747) banned the weapon along with all other weapons associated with the Highlands: ‘to have in his or their custody, use, or bear, broad sword or target, poignard, whinger, or durk, side pistol, gun, or other warlike weapon’. This same act restrained the wearing of “Highland Garb”, but was repealed over thirty years later in 1782. A famous quote by Boswell, 1773, reads:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">There is hardly a target now to be found in the Highlands. After the disarming act they made them serve as covers to their buttermilk barrels.</span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This example of a targe is from the late 18<sup>th </sup>to early 19th century and shows no sign of use in combat which could be due to the lack of hand grip or arm strap on the back. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">It was possibly made to coincide with the visit of King George IV in August 1822. This visit was orchestrated by Walter Scott who encouraged Scots to wear their tartan proudly for the monumental visit, as a British monarch had not been to Scotland since 1651.</span></div>
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<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The Carmichael collection at the <a href="http://www.westhighlandmuseum.org.uk/" target="_blank">West Highland Museum</a> has a vast range of objects, a number of which have been presented in blog entries over the past months. The full catalogue of objects is due online via the <a href="http://www.carmichaelwatson.lib.ed.ac.uk/cwatson/" target="_blank">Carmichael Watson Project</a> website at the end of April 2013.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">References<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Drummond, J. <i>Highland Targets and Other Shields</i> (Neill and Company, Edinburgh: 1873)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Telfer Dunbar, J. <i>History of Highland Dress</i> (Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh and London: 1962)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Images<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Targe © Carsten Flieger<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Portrait: ©Dundee City Council - Arts and Heritage. www.scran.ac.uk</span></div>
Carmichael Watson Projecthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10492290118329791088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8742071385032385155.post-81166068283492527342013-03-01T16:53:00.001+00:002013-03-01T16:58:38.014+00:00Tartanology<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The interest in and debate concerning clan tartans
was kick-started by the famous Sobieski Stuart brothers, alleged grandsons
of Bonnie Prince Charlie, John Hay Allen [John Sobieski Stolbert Stuart, Count
d’Albanie] and Charles Hay Allen [Charles Stuart Hay Allen, Count d’Albanie
(succeeding his brother)]. The pair were well known for engaging in
all things Highland from wearing the traditional garb to hunting, writing
poetry and collecting folklore.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnq8Qo0Fhegj6UGUKITj4CafW7Y-q-3G_nP_PrU6a7S0q_vPKBrRMxOKAIaQtoK5OMzm6j7PSCuXZCmFUCrPsiDCIp8e5qYNSGoXLL1JuG7jdQcvY9swEPRYOJkq6Vh_f9ixuEcwviltI/s1600/imageGen.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnq8Qo0Fhegj6UGUKITj4CafW7Y-q-3G_nP_PrU6a7S0q_vPKBrRMxOKAIaQtoK5OMzm6j7PSCuXZCmFUCrPsiDCIp8e5qYNSGoXLL1JuG7jdQcvY9swEPRYOJkq6Vh_f9ixuEcwviltI/s320/imageGen.png" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The brothers edited and illustrated the famous <i>Vestiarium Scoticum</i><i>: from the Manuscript formerly in the Library of Scots College at Douay. With an Introduction and Notes, by John Sobieski Stuart </i>that was published in 1842 by William Tait of Edinburgh. The book lists the clans from all over Scotland: Highlands, Lowlands and the Borders, ‘the order of Terteinis apperteinand unto ye chieff Hieland clannes’ and seventy-five colour plates illustrating the tartans of the clans listed.</span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkRHgHuxDBt6zg17cdDZwcBgLV_uWd7m4UQsur8y_f_oO1Q0s_CkHZCjFDleTvMjpg1sOs1yW3fIJ16g6YN3oLpp78K4kLlixwMAJp81y1S1V2daBpXYDwwpWAMW3VDB9Y0hIVc1BkP4A/s1600/WHM_1992_13_57_001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkRHgHuxDBt6zg17cdDZwcBgLV_uWd7m4UQsur8y_f_oO1Q0s_CkHZCjFDleTvMjpg1sOs1yW3fIJ16g6YN3oLpp78K4kLlixwMAJp81y1S1V2daBpXYDwwpWAMW3VDB9Y0hIVc1BkP4A/s400/WHM_1992_13_57_001.jpg" width="365" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Kilt from the Carmichael Collection, West Highland Museum</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This impressive publication was based on an ancient manuscript the brothers possessed that was collated with a second manuscript from the library of the Monastery of St Augustine in Cadiz from 1571. Although in 1828 they displayed a 1721 <i>Vestiarium</i> manuscript to Sir Thomas Dick Lauder, this was not used as a source. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The authority of all these texts was questioned and doubt cast over the brothers' integrity. A popular opinion was that the tartan manufacturers encouraged the publication as the popularity of tartan sky-rocketed from 1842<i>. </i>Either way, be it author or editor/illustrator, these two brothers were behind what Telfer Dunbar believed to be ‘probably the most controversial costume book ever written’.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcyF_eLwmsbG0lQsKfZ7SNfSZGDGTbyL_PZMeTQCAFPObT5qXWZE_JLxpOt-QJ_MRijzmysPjHQpv63qNCTWUuP93op8FOImAYYIt0D0JWZQ10_-DdDXupKnUFsEY4XsLK0YCxTpMhU7U/s1600/WHM_1992_13_57_003.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcyF_eLwmsbG0lQsKfZ7SNfSZGDGTbyL_PZMeTQCAFPObT5qXWZE_JLxpOt-QJ_MRijzmysPjHQpv63qNCTWUuP93op8FOImAYYIt0D0JWZQ10_-DdDXupKnUFsEY4XsLK0YCxTpMhU7U/s400/WHM_1992_13_57_003.jpg" width="317" /></span></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The label reads: Kilt Worn by
one of the Sobieski Stuart brothers. Alex Carmichael. </span><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Carmichael, noted for his extensive collection of folklore, also acquired an extremely significant tartan collection, including a kilt worn by one of the Sobieski brothers. Telfer Dunbar, one of the leading Highland Dress experts, noted:</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> “Without doubt the greatest collector of early tartans and dress was Alexander Carmichael – compiler of <i>Carmina Gadelica</i>. His fine specimens of pre-nineteenth-century tartans with their lovely colour combinations and interesting weaves are far removed from the “clan” tartans of later times. Without the work of Alexander Carmichael our knowledge of early specimens of tartan would be very slight indeed.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">The tartan collection, unfortunately, no longer exists as one entity. The West Highland Museum has tartan clothing and NMS, Edinburgh holds some the pre-nineteenth century tartan swatches mentioned above but the rest was scattered after Carmichael’s death. Telfer Dunbar attained a number of samples that the team are eagerly trying to locate!<span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL3oY5Rdy8P9IZZP_yDqi-4QF6dn4TDdtGbmQHGCot2SH4r_t1w11ye8zbq0jx3e-H4anmqZXVyjHdOVTTR9vJfwzie2PCiYuEhagsM5bqdl0TUV46G5KFr4o_DfK5Ur-GXmnxEFeMab4/s1600/WHM_1992_13_54_002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL3oY5Rdy8P9IZZP_yDqi-4QF6dn4TDdtGbmQHGCot2SH4r_t1w11ye8zbq0jx3e-H4anmqZXVyjHdOVTTR9vJfwzie2PCiYuEhagsM5bqdl0TUV46G5KFr4o_DfK5Ur-GXmnxEFeMab4/s320/WHM_1992_13_54_002.jpg" width="244" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Jacket worn at Culloden, West Highland Museum</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Over the coming months there will be a number of blog entries about this extraordinary facet of Carmichael’s collection. Tartan from the Carmichael Collection is on display in the West Highland Museum that is now open again Mon – Sat, 10 – 4. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">For those readers living in Edinburgh there is a long-term exhibition in the National Portrait Gallery '<a href="http://www.nationalgalleries.org/whatson/exhibitions/blazing-with-crimson" target="_blank">Blazing with Crimson: Tartan Portraits'</a>. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt;">References</span></b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Telfer Dunbar, J. <i>History of Highland Dress </i>(Oliver and Boyd: Edinburgh and London, 1962)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Images<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Copyright <a href="http://www.carstenflieger.com/" target="_blank">Carsten Flieger</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://www.futuremuseum.co.uk/">www.futuremuseum.co.uk</a></span></div>
Carmichael Watson Projecthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10492290118329791088noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8742071385032385155.post-46123767625775940522013-02-19T12:25:00.000+00:002013-02-19T12:55:22.590+00:00Innovative Learning Week 2013<img alt="Image" src="http://ilwuofe.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/ilw-words1.jpg?w=487" /><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><a href="http://www.ed.ac.uk/staff-students/students/studies/innovative-learning" target="_blank">Innovative Learning Week </a>at the
University of Edinburgh is a week-long programme of learning events that
provides students with an exciting opportunity to learn in a creative and informal
way. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">ILW2013 aims to encourage undergraduate and postgraduate students to:</span></span><br />
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<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: -18pt;">gain a new perspective on your
degree subject</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: -18pt;">learn new skills</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: -18pt;">t</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: -18pt;">hink about a future career</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: -18pt;">exchange ideas and stimulate
debate</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: -18pt;">meet staff and students from
different Schools and Colleges</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: -18pt;">network and find new opportunities for research or revision</span></li>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9orifJ1f3ZxOWstNUAAjnVss33DZDhXF_ddjMKAISO5dZIMz_Uk1isXC9vX82UZZolMhDE73juRK2B5vJ2sLpL1_5DEU8YQnjZYIpkcPUgm84Rdl7sHB0_cRTHJs6JMR-EFwtSqTAtZI/s1600/WHM_1992_13_77_11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9orifJ1f3ZxOWstNUAAjnVss33DZDhXF_ddjMKAISO5dZIMz_Uk1isXC9vX82UZZolMhDE73juRK2B5vJ2sLpL1_5DEU8YQnjZYIpkcPUgm84Rdl7sHB0_cRTHJs6JMR-EFwtSqTAtZI/s320/WHM_1992_13_77_11.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Domhnall Uilleam and Guinevere from the
Carmichael Watson Project prepared a workshop about the charms in the
Carmichael Collections. Drawing on both the archive here at the <a href="http://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/information-services/services/library-museum-gallery/crc" target="_blank">Centre for Research Collections</a> and the object collection at the <a href="http://www.westhighlandmuseum.org.uk/" target="_blank">West Highland Museum</a>, the
workshop discussed both the verbal charms and the amulets. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The session began by outlining the various
shapes and sizes a charm can take from a stone to a brooch to an incantation.
The term charm is so loose that it can be applied to a wide range of objects
that were believed to generate protective, curative, attractive or maleficent
power.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #333333;">Carmichael, over the span of his folklore career,
recorded around 60 charms and considering the privacy and personal aspect surrounding charms
this is quite a substantial and pertinent collection. These charms can be found in <i>Carmina Gadelica </i>and in his notebooks that are available on the project's <a href="http://www.carmichaelwatson.lib.ed.ac.uk/cwatson/" target="_blank">online catalogue</a>, and there are charms for all sorts of problems from toothache to broken bones! There are some recorded verbal charms </span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">that were collected in the 1960s and 70s</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> accessible
via </span><a href="http://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;" target="_blank">Tobar an Dualchais</a><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">: </span><a href="http://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/en/play/97952;jsessionid=4D8EF1A9A8FDD29082BC79854562D08E" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;" target="_blank">Eòlas an Dèididh</a><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">, </span><a href="http://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/en/play/101377;jsessionid=4D8EF1A9A8FDD29082BC79854562D08E" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;" target="_blank">Chanadh neach an rann seo trì uairean</a><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">, </span><a href="http://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/en/play/59016;jsessionid=4D8EF1A9A8FDD29082BC79854562D08E" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;" target="_blank">Tha am fiosraiche ag aithris seun</a><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Carmichael also collected charm objects that
were used throughout the islands. A number of these objects have been
highlighted in previous blogs such as the <a href="http://carmichaelwatson.blogspot.co.uk/2012/11/objects-in-focus-spindle-and-whorls.html" target="_blank">whorls</a>, <a href="http://carmichaelwatson.blogspot.co.uk/2012/10/objects-in-focus-flint-arrowheads.html" target="_blank">flint arrowheads</a> and <a href="http://carmichaelwatson.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/objects-in-focus-sea-beans.html" target="_blank">sea-beans</a>. There was also a mention of the use of domestic and agrestic tools
doubling up as divination devices, namely the <a href="http://carmichaelwatson.blogspot.co.uk/2013/01/objects-in-focus-winnowing-riddle.html" target="_blank">winnowing riddle</a> that was used to predict a future spouse! <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The workshop finished up with a discussion about
the use of charms today, and the decline in their use, and superstitions. One
participant shared a belief from Southern Florida with the group: when a cat
passes in front of a car, a cross must be marked on the windshield to prevent
bad luck! <o:p></o:p></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">It was a really enjoyable session with a good discussion and we'd like to thank those who came along. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">A review of the session is available to read on
the Innovative Learning Week 2013 blog: </span><a href="http://ilwuofe.wordpress.com/2013/02/19/charms-from-the-carmichael-collection-alexandra-melicher/" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;" target="_blank">click here.</a><br />
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<b>Image</b><br />
Copyright <a href="http://www.carstenflieger.com/" target="_blank">Carsten Flieger </a></div>
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Carmichael Watson Projecthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10492290118329791088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8742071385032385155.post-25186737456518748822013-02-01T15:05:00.000+00:002013-02-01T15:05:18.720+00:00Objects in Focus: Bone Pins and Needles<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In the Carmichael Collection housed at the <a href="http://www.westhighlandmuseum.org.uk/" target="_blank">West Highland Museum, Fort William</a>, there are 25 bone pins and needles in various sizes and conditions.</span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbdONmh-pOWTg7TqSuYj1FdaYadO5DkGC0hswe-sTKr6IAp5U4eJJX5I9q9kIEHs4EzOde64U8r1vjljqJvRYk9rH2-Mkc7ES66cInbD2lZ7bCx_hhWFpLM4CF20fhHywzrTRI7ul6uKI/s1600/WHM_1992_13_2_4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbdONmh-pOWTg7TqSuYj1FdaYadO5DkGC0hswe-sTKr6IAp5U4eJJX5I9q9kIEHs4EzOde64U8r1vjljqJvRYk9rH2-Mkc7ES66cInbD2lZ7bCx_hhWFpLM4CF20fhHywzrTRI7ul6uKI/s320/WHM_1992_13_2_4.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: small;">Bone pins </span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">These objects were commonly used by both the Picts and the
Vikings as dress pins to fasten clothes, as hairpins and in dressmaking. They were mostly used by men as dress pins as
women would primarily wear circular brooches to secure clothes. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQkqvpeMmBiGvNVtuN8A5qRG6ybIvluvmg7m7RGZQVPx4iu7aZTWSJmgFzFOBNy40IJLqf84iPame1N-cHjYC6s3vJCOkeoA8UQgRem4x1lDm0MHdA9ZKrAzz9UL1PB-TGTp7SU8mF3mQ/s1600/WHM_1992_13_2_10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQkqvpeMmBiGvNVtuN8A5qRG6ybIvluvmg7m7RGZQVPx4iu7aZTWSJmgFzFOBNy40IJLqf84iPame1N-cHjYC6s3vJCOkeoA8UQgRem4x1lDm0MHdA9ZKrAzz9UL1PB-TGTp7SU8mF3mQ/s320/WHM_1992_13_2_10.jpg" width="239" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: small;">Bone needles</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Martin gives a description of the various fastening methods:</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">When they travel on foot, the <i>Plad</i> is tied on the Breast with a Bodkin of Bone or Wood (just as the <i>Spina</i> wore by the <i>Germans, </i>according to the Descripction of C. <i>Tacitus</i>:) the <i>Plad</i> is tied round the middle with a Leather Belt; it is pleated from the Belt to the Knee very nicely: this Dress for Footmen is found much easier and lighter than <i>Breeches, </i>or <i>Trowis</i>.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4Ix2rruyO7A9W8jZUnC72p495F-iBnQxa9Ios9updDpR_wlnwJ7xYvD9g7dZdgppArRRj_kxZeHqyYPyHanKGlM_xYwBwf286bdDkXcDPHj8B6VZG5ZawRIjaSJ9mzkiw2Oxp8LGGJQE/s1600/WHM_1992_13_2_5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4Ix2rruyO7A9W8jZUnC72p495F-iBnQxa9Ios9updDpR_wlnwJ7xYvD9g7dZdgppArRRj_kxZeHqyYPyHanKGlM_xYwBwf286bdDkXcDPHj8B6VZG5ZawRIjaSJ9mzkiw2Oxp8LGGJQE/s320/WHM_1992_13_2_5.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: small;">Bone pins</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The bones were from sheep, red deer, whale (Orkney) and birds, with antler as another source.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Knives were used to shape the pins and a good pin would have a smooth surface. Most of the pins were polished. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The pins heads vary from very plain and basic to elaborately designed and finished. The heads could have splayed, globular, cylindrical or nail-heads to prevent the pin running through the cloth. The shanks are both flat and round, straight and tapered, with a number of the tips missing. The points of the well-used pins are rounded while the less-used are still quite sharp. Often the very elaborate pins would be kept as keepsakes.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEgYLB8TMJ6TCKXgstk_KvfNvUYuqmZvtHnYYU035u1qYg2P5OtKF0WliOPhaJK3zErZzEgQsdOFrt6QtZzpNJpSAFCrvwA8JxRi_UBbxLfEMZ0ftQF7vTHzbo-atqoKdenHe-kqghZX8/s1600/WHM_1992_13_2_7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEgYLB8TMJ6TCKXgstk_KvfNvUYuqmZvtHnYYU035u1qYg2P5OtKF0WliOPhaJK3zErZzEgQsdOFrt6QtZzpNJpSAFCrvwA8JxRi_UBbxLfEMZ0ftQF7vTHzbo-atqoKdenHe-kqghZX8/s320/WHM_1992_13_2_7.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: small;">Bone pins</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">How Carmichael came to possess the pins in uncertain but there are two references in the notebooks to archaeological finds that included pins: <a href="http://www.carmichaelwatson.lib.ed.ac.uk/cwatson/en/catalogueentry/4422/1/1/119$002f46/119$002f46/score/true" target="_blank">CW119/46</a> and <a href="http://www.carmichaelwatson.lib.ed.ac.uk/cwatson/en/catalogueentry/3133/1/3/106$002f25/106$002f25/score/true" target="_blank">CW106/25</a>.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>References</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Ritchie, Anna ‘Clothing Among the Picts’, <i>Costume </i>, 39, 2005, pp.28-42.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Martin, Martin <i>A Description of the Western Isles of Scotland</i> (London: A. Bell, 1703), pp. 208.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Images</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Images copyright <a href="http://www.carstenflieger.com/" target="_blank">Carsten Flieger</a></span><br />
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<br />Carmichael Watson Projecthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10492290118329791088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8742071385032385155.post-41261465285441825842013-01-25T15:43:00.001+00:002013-01-29T09:29:27.652+00:00Twa Excisemen<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX_SmGFNGHudlDs6ipByioA-Kp__VCdf_vuz3glrFyHfwdXOTOqVzEMfJm9m6EuyAIgn1wK93J0cIf7M1eK_OCgWKU4fjew__LKi0EdO3e-udiERdfm_fNQjpfB1N_CjMZ15AkVKcAidc/s1600/burns.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><img border="0" height="400" oea="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX_SmGFNGHudlDs6ipByioA-Kp__VCdf_vuz3glrFyHfwdXOTOqVzEMfJm9m6EuyAIgn1wK93J0cIf7M1eK_OCgWKU4fjew__LKi0EdO3e-udiERdfm_fNQjpfB1N_CjMZ15AkVKcAidc/s400/burns.jpg" width="286" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #333333; display: inline !important; float: none; font: 11px Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Robert Burns by Alexander Nasmyth (1758-1840)</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: medium;">Today the Scottish poet Robert Burns will be celebrated around the world with variations on the traditional supper of haggis, neeps and tatties. It was on this day in 1759 that Robert was born in Alloway, to William Burnes and Agnes Broun, and this supper tradition started in 1802.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Carmichael obviously held Burns in high esteem and in a lecture entitled '<a href="http://www.carmichaelwatson.lib.ed.ac.uk/cwatson/en/catalogueentry/2967/1/1/cw223/CW223/score/true" target="_blank">The Poets and Poetry of Scotland</a>' (CW223) he comments that:</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">The glory of the sun the shining of the moon or the twinkling of the stars find no response from the stoical hearts of these. The “wee modest crimson tipped flower” the daisy of the field is of no moment to the careless eye or callous heart. But the kindly eye and loving heart of Burns saw beauties in the daisy that have made it for ever immortal.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Again in an unfinished essay entitled '<a href="http://www.carmichaelwatson.lib.ed.ac.uk/cwatson/en/catalogueentry/2215/1/1/cw107$002f1/cw107$002f1/score/true" target="_blank">The Bards and Bardism of the Highlands'</a> </span><span style="font-size: medium;">(CW107/1) Carmichael mentions Burns:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">After Burns shined a meteor</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">of dazzaling brilliancy a host of imitations</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">appeared and although some of them</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">were poets of considerable merits and</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">sweetness none of them were able to ap-</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">proach their original.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Carmichael's effort to link the great poet to the Highlands via Walter Campbell who fled to Kincardine after committing mass-murder was outlined </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://carmichaelwatson.blogspot.co.uk/2011/01/mass-murdering-ancestor-of-robert-burns.html">in a previous blog entry</a></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%;">. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Burns and Carmichael both worked as excisemen with Burns being commissioned 14 July 1788. Burns wrote the following verse prior to being appointed (you can listen to Paul Young reciting the verse for BBC </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/robertburns/works/an_extemporaneous_effusion_on_being_appointed_to_the_excise/">here</a></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> : </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Searching auld wives barrels,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Och-hon! the day!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">That clarty barm should stain my laurels;</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">But-what'll ye say!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">These movin' things ca'd wives and weans</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Wad move the very hearts o' stanes!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: medium;">Burns deliberated between farming and the excise but after a six week induction in Edinburgh accepted the excise position. Cunningham writes:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">That the Poet delighted not in the name of gauger is well known: yet he would allow no one to speak ill of the Excise but himself. He was strict, but merciful: the smuggler had no chance of escape from him, while to the country purchaser he was very indulgent.</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: medium;">If Carmichael and Burns ever met, what do you think they'd discuss: work or poetry?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: medium;">Happy Burns' Day!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>References</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Carmichael, Alexander, ‘The Land of Lorne and the Satirists of Taynuilt', Evergreen, vol. I (Spring, 1895), pp. 110–15</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">CW107/1, fol. 7v</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">CW223. fol. 16r</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Cunningham, A., The works of Robert Burns ; with his life, vol. 3 (London: James Cochrane and Company, 1834) p. 303</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Henderson, T.F., Robert Burns (London: Methuen and Company, 1904)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">©Courtesy of the Trustees of Burns Monument and Burns Cottage. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk. </span></div>
<br />Carmichael Watson Projecthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10492290118329791088noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8742071385032385155.post-59533183223784969152013-01-04T11:29:00.000+00:002013-01-04T13:33:51.510+00:00Objects in Focus: Winnowing Riddle<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Happy New Year to all our blog readers!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The first object of the year to be presented is the winnowing riddle, also called a <i>criathar</i>. In the Carmichael Collection, <a href="http://www.westhighlandmuseum.org.uk/" target="_blank">West Highland Museum</a>, there is a fine example of a riddle on display in their agricultural section. This tool was used between threshing and grinding corn and</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> was made of a cured and dried sheepskin or calfskin fastened to a wooden frame - <i>nasg criathair</i>. The skin was then punctured with a hot point, occasionally in a concentric pattern, creating a sieve. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">The sieve was held with both hands and the corn was shaken in a circular motion to allow unwanted dirt to filter through, leaving behind the larger and heavier grains. Often this was done outside with the wecht and the corn was tossed in the air allowing the chaff to be blown away by the wind.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The image above, from the Werner Kissling Collection, portrays a woman using the winnowing sieve on South Uist in 1936. In </span><em style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Carmina Gadelica</em><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> there is a description of two stages of sieving:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;"><em>Càthadh</em>. Winnowing corn in the barn – the first operation; the second and final operation was <em>fasgnadh</em>, winnowing on the knoll. The <em>toll-càthaidh</em>, ‘chaff-hole’, was a small hole about three feet square in the back wall of the kiln to admit wind to clean the corn. This hole was on the ground and, when not required, was closed with a board, or a <em>plàt</em> made of straw or bent or rushes. (VI-37)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">The corn, now separated from the chaff and extraneous matter, was ready for grinding.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">There were also some divination practices associated with the riddle, the most common was a method of identifying a future spouse. This was carried out by winnowing specific items: silver coins or even winnowing an empty sieve. In the notebooks Carmichael provides another example from Skye of a servant girl foretelling her future husband:</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.carmichaelwatson.lib.ed.ac.uk/cwatson/en/fulltexttranscription/2123/0/3/5/winnow/winnow/score/true" target="_blank">CW7/32</a> Càthadh an Fhras Lìn. The lint seed was winnowed in the, "comh-ràth, dusk The was done at Draoineach Skye by a servant girl in the house. The wife of Draoineach asked the girl whom did she see and the girl answered that she had no luck that the only saw her master. Well you shall have him yet said her misterss. The mistress died soon after and before the year was out Fear na Draoinich married this young girl!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Grant, <i>Highland Folk Ways</i>, provides an account of a woman in Arran, in 1709, who went before the local Kirk Session for using a riddle to identify a thief!</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">A similar sieve was made in Ireland but variations developed: thin strips of wood were laced across the frame to create a mesh (instead of the sheepskin) and the thickness of the mesh would vary according to its purpose. Wire eventually replaced the wood strips.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>References</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Carmichael, A. <i>Carmina Gadelica vi (</i>Edinburgh: Floris Books, 1900-1972)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.carmichaelwatson.lib.ed.ac.uk/cwatson/en/catalogueentry/2123/2/4/7$002f32/7$002f32/score/true" target="_blank">CW7/32</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Grant, I. F. <i>Highland Folk Ways </i>(Edinburgh: Birlinn, 1961)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">Lucas, A. T. "Making Wooden Sieves" <i>The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, </i>81: 2 (1951), 146-155. </span><br />
<br />Carmichael Watson Projecthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10492290118329791088noreply@blogger.com0